Sociology
A. Gorgi; A. Moghadas; J. Gorgi
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the Turner's works in the field of sociology of body and its relationship with human rights. Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. Only in the 1990s the works ...
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The purpose of this article is to study the Turner's works in the field of sociology of body and its relationship with human rights. Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. Only in the 1990s the works of Bryan Turner led to the development of a new sociology of human rights. This article defends the claim that human rights is a legitimate subject of inquiry for sociologists. Method of recent article is documentary. Turner sociological studies in the field of medical, body, human rights and religion can be an example of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Turner, in his works has tried to take advantage of concepts and findings of sociology of body, politics and philosophical anthropology, as well as embodiment and vulnerability and find materialist basis for defending human rights universal claims. He knows sociology of body as a basis for the defense of human rights universal concepts and alternative discourse to the natural law tradition. According to him, human rights as an institution beyond citizenship, is a substitute for citizenship and its challenges. In summary, The article argues that a sociology of human rights is very important, because, there are obvious limitations to the idea of citizenship which is based on membership of a nation state. Therefore, human rights as a sociological concept is an important supplement to the existing idea of citizenship.
M. Movahed Majd; A. Gorgi
Abstract
In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined ...
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In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined as neutral and meaningless, which occurs in an unintended and non-scheduled way through workers or machines. A significant amount of the research carried out in this field, following the tradition of epidemiology and behavioral psychology and by reducing the problem of safety and work health to a technical issue, emphasizes the role of individuals’ risk factors and human error in the occurrence of accidents. These studies neglect social, economic, cultural and institutional contexts in the analysis of accidents and take no advantage of interdisciplinary findings, as a result of which such reports only provide a list of risk factors and the statistical distribution of events in terms of quantitative and demographic variables; thus, they disregard the process of the social construction of accidents and the problematic nature of the concept of accidents. Therefore, the present study intends to expose the limitations of safety sciences and its conventional technical approaches in the unilateral and one-dimensional explanation of work-related accidents. For this purpose, in this research, qualitative methodology has been used as the dominant methodology, and critical ethnography has been utilized for the research process, and also thematic analysis has been employed for data analysis. The findings of the study include seven main categories which are shown in the form of the social construction cycle of accidents. Finally, the results show that work-related accidents are mainly due to the conditions governing the organization, unequal power relations and workers’ experiences of work environment than carelessness and the individual and psychological characteristics of workers.
