Reza Mahoozi
Abstract
In Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view, Knowledge is synonymous with philosophy. This root divided to theoretical and practical branches. From these two derived different types of specialized sciences. In this cluster diagram come together two pictures of unity and plurality of specialized disciplines. ...
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In Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view, Knowledge is synonymous with philosophy. This root divided to theoretical and practical branches. From these two derived different types of specialized sciences. In this cluster diagram come together two pictures of unity and plurality of specialized disciplines. However, this position is not the equivalent of modern disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. It's not even equivalent of unity of these two together. This kind of Science is different of Science in modern period. This paper wants to show the Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view about Sciences is not the disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. At the end, I use the word of Predisciplinary for Al Farabi and Avicenna's view.
S. R. Shakeri
Abstract
Interdisciplinary can be considered as an advantage when it has a certain relation with scientific and epistemic facilities in a society. In contemporary Iran, some of these facilities are the heritage of our religious intellectualism, and considering interdisciplinary phenomenon, they may be used in ...
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Interdisciplinary can be considered as an advantage when it has a certain relation with scientific and epistemic facilities in a society. In contemporary Iran, some of these facilities are the heritage of our religious intellectualism, and considering interdisciplinary phenomenon, they may be used in scientific and methodological fields, and somehow in academic policy-making. The heritage of Ali Shariati’s intellectualism -- as a thing that cannot be rejected in terms of language, theoretical value, and attraction to students in our thought framework -- contains the basis for multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary thought. Therefore, having multi-disciplinary knowledge, Shariati discuses subjects such as human, history, land, and identity -- which cannot be explained properly using a mere field of study -- in an inter-disciplinary method. The canon of Shariti’s inter-disciplinary thought can be discussed in the concept of “fixed-variable”. This paper conducts a hermeneutical analysis of the interdisciplinary facilities in Shariati’s intellectualism base on “fixed-variable” challenge. The result indicates that interdisciplinary can be a base for making human sciences indigenous in Iran. If we take into account the interdisciplinary based on historical and social facts, the real epistemic and thinking challenges will be revealed and interdisciplinary can be expanded.
Mohammad Bagher Khorramshad; Saied Ebrahim Sarparast Sadat
Abstract
The consequence of political life of any society is the result of how its political tendencies interact and change (Internal and External). Therefore, understanding political life of any society in possible providing that one has a profound ability to know, understand and analyze them.While due to epistemological ...
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The consequence of political life of any society is the result of how its political tendencies interact and change (Internal and External). Therefore, understanding political life of any society in possible providing that one has a profound ability to know, understand and analyze them.While due to epistemological and evolutional change of political sociology, current theories and methodologies experience some crises and shortcomings to explain political and social changes, this paper presents a second-hand and methodological question on political tendency. It was attempted to theoretically discuss both the content and form of political tendency. It was concluded that Political tendency is a coherent, analytical and conceptually mobile discipline consisted of understanding to reiteration (from specific to general). Going beyond mere description, understanding or reiteration or even propositional recreation or existing relationships among various tendencies, this study offers a more effective methodological, interdisciplinary and instrumental framework for understanding of the society and political life.
Reza Mahdi
Abstract
Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity ...
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Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity in higher education. In recently half-century, interdisciplinary activities have had suitable outcomes and results for higher education system, industry and society. One of the most important interdisciplinary activities outcomes is inclination for designing and carrying out interdisciplinary activities by universities, industries, government, faculties, researchers and students. Iran's higher education and university system, the development of academic interdisciplinary towards defined goals and plan, so much success has not. With due consideration to importance and necessity of the interdisciplinary activities and existing challenges, by mixed qualitative research method, were investigated and analyzed why, what and how of interdisciplinary activities and its success factors and development requirements in universities. Finally, based on the study, six main factors and twelve key requirements for formation, growth and development of the interdisciplinary in higher education is derived and explained.
Kumars Irandoost
Abstract
Human social life in the twentieth century was transformed and Urbanization was the dominant life pattern. The emergence of large cities around the world was complex and diverse problems for human settlements, therefore Was necessary to establish some degree of order to the city to comprehensive study ...
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Human social life in the twentieth century was transformed and Urbanization was the dominant life pattern. The emergence of large cities around the world was complex and diverse problems for human settlements, therefore Was necessary to establish some degree of order to the city to comprehensive study the urban complex problems. It is clear that geography is one of the pioneers in the field of urban research and education. Although a long-standing history of geography, As long as human life, but urban geography has a short history. Urban geography quickly grew and spread in short period, and became one of the most apply fields. At the same time, urban planning was formed and began its evolution, more rapidly than expected. Urban planning In the West and in developing countries to become an professional fields. Often there is consensus that urban geography and urban planning are both modern science and interdisciplinary nature, And clear links in their evolution. This paper is a descriptive and analytical approach by using written sources and texts for analysis and evolution of interdisciplinary nature of both. While the urban geography is its interdisciplinary nature, it has become part of the new urban planning discipline. Urban planning, by use of geography and other urban sciences, create a new interdisciplinary discipline. Urban planning create one integrate field from variety of applications to solve urban problems.
Farough Amin Mozafari; Khorshid Padashi asl; Loghman Shamsi; Ali Boudaghi
Abstract
The goal of this paper is the evaluation of role and status of interdisciplinary in relationship of university-industry. With evaluation of science production process and review all of three exist paradigm in sociology of science, recent paradigm introduce relationship of university-industry as a pattern ...
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The goal of this paper is the evaluation of role and status of interdisciplinary in relationship of university-industry. With evaluation of science production process and review all of three exist paradigm in sociology of science, recent paradigm introduce relationship of university-industry as a pattern of science production. But, this relationship isn’t a simple and without problem. In other hand, interdisciplinary educations and researches have increased in recent years. With evaluation of effective factors on interdisciplinary works and its limitations, results showed that exist challenges and problems in relationship of university-industry are same cases that concerned to effective factors on interdisciplinary and if these factors weren’t been, they would cause disorder in interdisciplinary work and challenges due to relationship of university-industry. So emphasizing on interdisciplinary educations and researches can solve huge part of exist challenges and problems in relationship of university-industry.
Gholamhasan Abiri
Abstract
Responsibility of the universities for human capital development faced major difficulties to solve economic – social problems. Iranian graduates from the higher education in the present framework have not covered the needs of our idea logic society. This paper is explanatory one; aim to cover interdisciplinary ...
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Responsibility of the universities for human capital development faced major difficulties to solve economic – social problems. Iranian graduates from the higher education in the present framework have not covered the needs of our idea logic society. This paper is explanatory one; aim to cover interdisciplinary studies as a solution to overcome the difficulties. Logical covering of interdisciplinary weight the aim of coherent among new experts, can help the economic structure of Iran- faced disequilibrium; to direct the country to improve productivity of social- political system. Openness, activation & reflexivity are three principal in higher education, which can help dynamic reactions. Integration of the present knowledge with the creation of new experts, changes the universities structure. These changes at the logical framework should bring confidence among new students for higher studies. Preparation of the society for reactions should increase productivity of social- political system, in order to support a strong economic structure.
Morteza Bahrani
Abstract
It is an important question “what does a translator do when he or she translates?” From one aspect, it seems that there is a direct relationship between translation and being interdisciplinary. In this paper it would be argued that translation is an interdisciplinary action. Translators, ...
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It is an important question “what does a translator do when he or she translates?” From one aspect, it seems that there is a direct relationship between translation and being interdisciplinary. In this paper it would be argued that translation is an interdisciplinary action. Translators, when translating, do more than one task and engage in more than one discipline. So, it can be said that translation as an interdisciplinary enterprise refers to a historical context, in which we can regard it as the first historical knowledge which began with interdisciplinary approaches. One reason for this phenomenon is that translation has no specific subject; rather the translators when begin translating a work need to concentrate on a special theme; accordingly, translation as an action in every field is doing as an interdisciplinary.
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri
Abstract
While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The ...
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While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The paper is also intended to explain the transitional phase from multicultural studies to intercultural studies as well as the new methodological developments from a multidisciplinary approach to an interdisciplinary one as well as to examine the outcomes of these developments in the orientalist analyses of western academicians and the interactions between different disciplines in post-colonial studies. In response to the question as to “why has the orientalism been basically based on a multidisciplinary approach while the post-colonial studies have tended to rely on an interdisciplinary one”, this paper will make a review of the introvert factors caused by the assimilatory and multifaceted nature of scientific orientalism as well as the extrovert factors caused by the influence of colonial powers on the western orientalists in studying the economic, social, cultural, political, historical and literary aspects of the oriental societies. Furthermore, the paper aims at providing an explanatory method for identifying the causes of an effort for an intercultural approach towards post-colonial studies by taking into consideration and emphasizing on field research through establishing an epistemological and methodological linkage between aesthetics, etymology, anthropology, sociology, geography and political science as well as interdisciplinary cooperation among indigenous orientalists.
Gholamreza Kazemian; Majid Haghighi
Abstract
It is for some years that urban management major is conducted in some Iranian famous universities. The goal of the major is to educate students to become good urban managers because the city is a complex system that contains a lot of unexpected variables. Although this major conducted for some years, ...
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It is for some years that urban management major is conducted in some Iranian famous universities. The goal of the major is to educate students to become good urban managers because the city is a complex system that contains a lot of unexpected variables. Although this major conducted for some years, but there is still ambiguities among expertise and executive associations about its essence. Furthermore it seems that this major has a lot of gap with a preferred interdisciplinary major and therefore lots of the obligations of interdisciplinary majors are not considered. This paper has three goals, first determining the nature of urban management major; second, studying the essences and obligations of the major as an interdisciplinary and challenges of its current situation; and third, developing an analytical framework for the philosophy of urban management major in Iran. The research methods that used are observation, theoretical and comparative study, surveying and interviewing with urban experts and managers. The results emphasis that interdisciplinary nature should be of more concern in our universities. Also, findings show that lots of interdisciplinary mandates such as professors, educational methods and syllabus are not dedicated for specific nature of urban management and should be revised. Based on the theoretical framework, the essence of urban management in Iran has four pillars that are the need of urban management organizations to a comprehensive major, the possibility of resolving lots of currnt urban challenges and problems, non-comprehensiveness of other majors that is related to cities and finally successful experience of conducting urban management major in abroad universities. The essence and validity of all these items are approved.
Gholamreza Khajesarvi
Abstract
Historical background of the theoretical aspects of political science in Iran refers to pre-islamic period; but political science as an imported science was prevailed in the Ghajar dynasty era. This kind of science, entering in land of Iran, accompanied with the modernity. Therefore its content, method ...
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Historical background of the theoretical aspects of political science in Iran refers to pre-islamic period; but political science as an imported science was prevailed in the Ghajar dynasty era. This kind of science, entering in land of Iran, accompanied with the modernity. Therefore its content, method and all its problems are seemed to be set with historical implication of modernity and its raising place, i.e. western countries. Islamic revolution in 1979 caused a revolution in the realm of thinking. By putting special stress on Islamic values, it changed all Iranian life styles and started a trend in localization of academy and knowledge. In last tree decades we have seen a huge number of academic works on localization of political science. Some universities are progressive in producing such literature on the case, among them are Imam Sadegh and Bagher o Al-Oloum Universities. By defining and introducing interdisciplinaries, they could make political science have critical development in the field of localization of the political science. This experiences can be look forwarded as two applied cases for further investigation; so we can reach to an ideal type of Islamic knowledge and university.
Mohsen Khalili
Abstract
The main goal of planning of political science courses, in addition to training and researching in politics, is enhancing the ability for analysis of political issues, whether domestic or international. The primary objective of all sciences is to expand human knowledge. The discipline of political science ...
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The main goal of planning of political science courses, in addition to training and researching in politics, is enhancing the ability for analysis of political issues, whether domestic or international. The primary objective of all sciences is to expand human knowledge. The discipline of political science is a branch of learning that contributes to the growth of knowledge about politics and helps us learn about political systems and the political behavior of human beings. Research is an important skill required of all political scientists. Research means gathering, processing, and interpreting data. Political science is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary knowledge. So, to learn the skills of researching in politics needs both to conduct and to evaluate research. Students of political science are often required to take one or more modules in research methods. Designing and conducting a research project is usually taught in those courses. On the one hand, the base of political science is theory; on the other hand, question arises as to how we can interrelate and correlate between theory and technique. How we can make the political science more operational and functional? Considering the methodological lessons in B.A. degree of political science (of course in Iran) shows that they are marginal and inadequate. The diversity of academic styles in methodology is ignored, and the existing problematic of the hegemony of methodological monism persists. Given the multi/interdisciplinary nature of political science, the author of this paper suggests that a group of methodological modules in political science be planned. The proposed modules are: the nature and entity of research in political science, qualitative methods in political science, quantitative methods in political science, history and philosophy of science, philosophy of social science, technical writing and research /scientific paper in political science, information seeking skills (library and search strategies in internet), and research workshop in political science.
Rezvan Hakimzade
Abstract
Ever increasing focus on interdisciplinary curricula in higher education is a sign of existing challenges which seriously criticize subject-oriented curricula. Globalization is the major player of this challenging field. Globalization has implications to the curriculum filed-except the paper's view- ...
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Ever increasing focus on interdisciplinary curricula in higher education is a sign of existing challenges which seriously criticize subject-oriented curricula. Globalization is the major player of this challenging field. Globalization has implications to the curriculum filed-except the paper's view- which the implications come from students accelerating and increasing access to academic documents through ICTs. Alongside being the world work market and new jobs and careers, taking new responsibilities, students call for new competencies to play their own roles as global, national and local citizens. Traditional curricula do not provide such opportunities. In line with this view, internationalization of higher education as a process is a strategy to reaction against the challenges which have rooted from globalization. This strategy is suggested and preferred by higher education experts and some world class and progressive universities. This paper will briefly review the concept of globalization and internalization through its characteristics, and also will focus on globalizing and internationalizing of higher education curricula. Major part of the paper will stress on evidences and reasons for moving toward globalizing of higher education curricula on basis of global infrastructures and perspectives. Finally, the idea is that global citizenship competency-oriented curricula in higher education will respond to competencies of today world phenomenon and the rapid changes of the world.
Mahbobe Arefi
Abstract
Review and study how and type of planning system of higher education, is considered constant and serious. According to the needs and circumstances ,a variety of ideas, over time, have raised. In this article ,interdisciplinary approach including it's concepts, applications, conditions ,requirements and ...
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Review and study how and type of planning system of higher education, is considered constant and serious. According to the needs and circumstances ,a variety of ideas, over time, have raised. In this article ,interdisciplinary approach including it's concepts, applications, conditions ,requirements and challenges by using of theoretical and analytic method has been studied. Results have indicated that the wide range of conceptual approaches, multiple levels and requirements .Despite of being numerous problems and complexity, it could be used in higher education ,an one effective approach , among or beside others, to address the new requirements and needs.
Ahmad Shabani
Abstract
This study indicates that essential perceptions and scholarly conceptions in social sciences are remarkably distinguished from each other. They are individualism, holism, collectivism, and systemism. It further deals with the point that socio-economic factors and institutions have a causative interrelation. ...
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This study indicates that essential perceptions and scholarly conceptions in social sciences are remarkably distinguished from each other. They are individualism, holism, collectivism, and systemism. It further deals with the point that socio-economic factors and institutions have a causative interrelation. An independent and isolated study of these institutions can never give a true and proper understanding of these issues. This goal is not achievable but through synthetic and interdisciplinary conceptions including holistic, and systemic methods.
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi; Amir Hossein Kayzouri
Abstract
Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic ...
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Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic components and principles of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences are identified. Accordingly, appropriate factors, criteria and indicators are developed. The statistical population of the research consists of documents in accessible databases and the research sample is specified through purposeful sampling method. The results indicate that the evaluation of academic interdisciplinary sciences should include five conceptual dimensions: multi-faceted issues, interdisciplinary insights, adhering to integrative process, Interdisciplinary understanding and interdisciplinary structure. Meanwhile it should also pay attention to five main factors: objectives, curriculum, teaching- learning process, faculty and management. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the quality of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences, 5 factors, 14 criteria and 59 indicators are identified and designed in this study.
Zeynab Mandalizadeh; Habib Honari
Abstract
The purpose of this study is an investigation of the factors affecting entrepreneurship in sport from the point of view of experts in this field. This study is a descriptive_ analytic one and was conducted as a survey and statistical sample consisted of 64 subjects including top managers and sport management ...
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The purpose of this study is an investigation of the factors affecting entrepreneurship in sport from the point of view of experts in this field. This study is a descriptive_ analytic one and was conducted as a survey and statistical sample consisted of 64 subjects including top managers and sport management professors at physical education organization. Data is collected by research designed questionnaire. Its reliability (α=.95) is obtained after its validity confirmation (by professors). In this article the most important factors affecting sport entrepreneurship, both as an interdisciplinary field in the world, are studied. Initially, infrastructures are identified for entrepreneurial opportunities in sports and related problems become known so that identifying factors for social, cultural, and economical development to entrepreneurs will be a smooth path, because sport entrepreneurship, given its effective roles in business development, welfare, health development, and participation in various aspects of society, can also play a crucial role in the development of the country. Finally, some solutions for developing entrepreneurial sport are introduced.
Alireza Araghieh; Kourosh Fathi Vajargah; Ahmadali Foroughi Abari Foroughi Abari; Nematollah Fazeli
Abstract
The present research is intended to show that ethnic policies and multicultural discussions have not been paid enough attention to in Iran so far, therefore; higher education curriculum is not based on recognized multi-cultural patterns and approaches .On the other hand, multicultural studies undertaken ...
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The present research is intended to show that ethnic policies and multicultural discussions have not been paid enough attention to in Iran so far, therefore; higher education curriculum is not based on recognized multi-cultural patterns and approaches .On the other hand, multicultural studies undertaken so far have not been properly used to design a recommended model of multiculturalism and ethnic policy in zran .These issues have deprived curriculum of qualities such as agility, variety and abundance .They have also created obstacles to Internationalisation of Curriculum (IOC) in higher education. Under these circumstances curriculum specialists have met some kinds of epistemological challenges and as a result, it has left higher education policy makers no choice but to enter into related discussions .In order for the problem to be solved and this perceived and social need to be responded to, and to avoid one-sidedness towards the concept of multiculturalism, an interdisciplinary approach has been applied to the research and different types of multicultural curriculum integration have been recommended for designing a multicultural curriculum
zabihollah Khanjarkhani; Bakhtiar Nasrabadi; arezou Ebrahimi Dinani
Abstract
In this complicated modern world, humans are in need of general views in order to solve their roblems. It is only Interdisciplinary Studies which specially promotes the integrity of Academic Ground as well as researches conducted by specialists and therefore, leading tothe dynamism of educational system ...
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In this complicated modern world, humans are in need of general views in order to solve their roblems. It is only Interdisciplinary Studies which specially promotes the integrity of Academic Ground as well as researches conducted by specialists and therefore, leading tothe dynamism of educational system and the development and reforming of culture. In addition, interfering with content, research methodology, principles and approaches have removed common scientific borders. The fact is that progress in every field is highly in need of views by scientists in interdisciplinary studies, than the researches undertaken by the scientists in that field. The interdisciplinary scientistsdo not accept the realities and needs of the new world of the ultra fields which have one-sided, narrow, limited and specific structures. They find familiarity with interdisciplinary approaches and the need to know their roots necessary for curriculum specialists. They also consider interdisciplinary specialties quite essential for faculties and institutes on the lookout for reaching new borders and creating specific necessities in the scientific field, particularly the humanities. This paper is prepared in three sections: in the first section, the introduction, the necessity and importance of history of interdisciplinary approachesaredescribed. In the second section, interdiscipline and its types are discussed. In the third section, educational polices and their specialists and users are pointed out and the related challenges are taken on. Finally, some results and suggestions are presented which briefly follows: 1) simultaneous applying of disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches in research domain; in other words, logic structure stands in parallel with the organization of various skills, both under equal focus. 2) Rationalization of philosophy of existing of interdiscipline among officials, and the internalization of these values in individuals. 3) Investment in this domain due to the necessity of proper education in all fields, conducting general and practicable researches and facilitating the developments in one field with the help of the other
Keyvan Zahedi
Abstract
The present paper follows two aims: first it will look into the process, and not the history of the evolution of interdisciplinary approaches, and second it will present exaptational evolution as the complementary phase based on foresight management. Hence it will be demonstrated that the interdisciplinary ...
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The present paper follows two aims: first it will look into the process, and not the history of the evolution of interdisciplinary approaches, and second it will present exaptational evolution as the complementary phase based on foresight management. Hence it will be demonstrated that the interdisciplinary process has already surpassed the mode 1 methodology and is currently completing and the mode 2 methodology. It will also be suggested that the evolution so far has been an adaptational one, will become exaptational within a framework that the author terms engaging engineering. Thus the paper will review the distinctions made within the broader interdisciplinary field, investigate its motivation and explain Raison d’étre of the approach, discuss the challenges in its way, offer the required features and last but not least explore the author’s proposal to enhance efficiency in its consolidation and expansion.
Mohammad Hossein Rahmati
Abstract
Introducing science and religion and the relationship between them, the present study attempts to explain what “religious science” is. Then, describing the major field of religious science, the role of values in science would be addressed through explaining the value-oriented approaches to ...
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Introducing science and religion and the relationship between them, the present study attempts to explain what “religious science” is. Then, describing the major field of religious science, the role of values in science would be addressed through explaining the value-oriented approaches to science. The main part of the study is dedicated to describing various dimensions and aspects on which writings on Islamic Management are evaluated. A brief study shows that there are at least 70 book volumes focused on the matter, from which 13 are selected for the present study. A meta-analysis applied in this study, focuses on these books from four evaluating dimensions: content analysis, methodological analysis, reference analysis, and finally author analysis
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to offer explanations with respect to some of the less evident aspects of this policy intent. The higher education systems, it is argued, are experiencing a challenging period where the felt need in this regard does not match the level of wisdom and the extent of insight required. ...
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The goal of this paper is to offer explanations with respect to some of the less evident aspects of this policy intent. The higher education systems, it is argued, are experiencing a challenging period where the felt need in this regard does not match the level of wisdom and the extent of insight required. The paper proceeds with a review of the literature in the curriculum field which aims at providing better understanding of different genres of curriculum integration concluding that this source although vital for policy makers at the higher education, will need to be further developed in order to match the complexities peculiar to higher education. The author, then, addresses the rationale for curriculum integration at higher education which he regards as manipulation of the current knowledge and technology map to address the emergent needs. This, he contends, requires concentration on a knowledge production system to meet the standard of a new knowledge domain. Without due attention to this prerequisite, the resulting product can not be regarded as a genuine interdisciplinary science and it will rather be looked upon as a mere addition or juxtaposition of two or mote extant knowledge fields. In the final section of the paper, five policy options are discussed.
Hedayat-Ollah Etemadizadeh; Ahmadreza Nasr; Mohamadjavad Liaghatdar
Abstract
Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary education and interdisciplinary curricula are increasingly used in Higher Education field. These terms are used with or interchangeably with similar terms such as multi-disciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity crossdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Although interdisciplinary ...
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Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary education and interdisciplinary curricula are increasingly used in Higher Education field. These terms are used with or interchangeably with similar terms such as multi-disciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity crossdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Although interdisciplinary approach to curriculum lost its significance in last decades and disciplinary approached was focused for about two decades, but the ideas of interdisciplinary and integrated curricula are not new ones and are rooted in the thoughts of the previous scholars who were famous for their concerns about unity of knowledge, forming coherence, general and all-inclusive knowledge. In this paper while offering theoric and historical views on interdaisciplinarity, interdisciplinary approach to curriculum, academic disciplines, a variety of possible combinations of disciplines across curricula, a sociological criticism about disciplinary curriculum, a biological explanation for interdisciplinary curriculum, models, strategies, advantages, and pitfalls of interdisciplinary curriculum are discussed.
Abbas Bazargan
Abstract
Availability of capital, manpower and substantial materials were, in the past, taken into account as the main factor for development programs in the many societies in all over the world. But since the dawn of new millennium, knowledge, spreading and usage of the knowledge has a high efficacious position ...
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Availability of capital, manpower and substantial materials were, in the past, taken into account as the main factor for development programs in the many societies in all over the world. But since the dawn of new millennium, knowledge, spreading and usage of the knowledge has a high efficacious position on the destiny of countries. Hence, the value and position of higher education is inevitable and those kinds of the curriculum and educational planning that are compatible with the diverse and variable needs in societies, would be in priority. In the beginning of paper, first, the aim of evaluation in curriculum would be discussed. Then the evaluation criteria would be reviewed and finally four stages of evaluation of curriculum will be explained.
Kourosh Fathi Vajargah; Talat Diba
Abstract
The “Virtual Global University (VGU)” is a new academic concept in literature of higher education. Basically Virtual Global University has been formed and developed to meet needs and challenges of word community in different ways. Having considered as a new scenario or even a substitution ...
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The “Virtual Global University (VGU)” is a new academic concept in literature of higher education. Basically Virtual Global University has been formed and developed to meet needs and challenges of word community in different ways. Having considered as a new scenario or even a substitution of traditional university, it is based on the following components: 1. International approach Virtual Global University is internationally aligned, while simultaneously responsive to the particular context of local and national higher education policy. 2. Technological approach Virtual Global University is technological solution for internationalization of higher education It is online education using ICT and networking and access to world higher education markets is its main goal. 3. Interdisciplinary approach. Through studying the interdisciplinary curricula, Virtual Global University graduates are expected to have the capacity to confront unfamiliar problems and to emerge from their university experience with a set of flexible and transferable skills for different types of employment in world community. In this paper with respect to the above-mentioned approaches, Virtual Global University strategy for Iranian higher education society has been discussed.
