Mohammad Reza Hatami; Hamed Roshanchashm
Abstract
Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues ...
Read More
Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues and consequently he needs multidimensional and interdisciplinary understanding and approaches to solve them. The goal of this article is to study the nature of knowledge and then to analyze the necessity of interdisciplinary studies in humanities according to Habermas’s point of view, a known representative of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory. Using reliable texts and analytical methods, this study tries to answer to its main question, namely the nature of interdisciplinary approach in humanities. In the era ofmodernity, Habermas tries to show that the entirepart of humanmind abilitieshas been overcome by some of its part under the natural sciences and that it has prevented the recognition of the real world and created contrast between qualitative and quantitative methods in humanities. By criticizing the positivist approach and in the next step by proposing the theory of Communicative Action and Communicative Rationality, he emphasizes on the multidimensional nature of human knowledge and human issues and seeks to solve complex human issues through convergence and consensus on the ideal situation.
Saeed Zarghami
Abstract
This study aims to review the nature of knowledge and analyze necessity of interdisciplinary studies from the viewpoint of Derrida, who represents postmodern philosophy, to compare credibility of his thoughts with some prominent philosophers of science. Derrida maintained that such fields as philosophy, ...
Read More
This study aims to review the nature of knowledge and analyze necessity of interdisciplinary studies from the viewpoint of Derrida, who represents postmodern philosophy, to compare credibility of his thoughts with some prominent philosophers of science. Derrida maintained that such fields as philosophy, mathematics and logics have been introduced in the West as rational fields while literature, poetry, and arts have been considered irrational and marginalized. He concludes that various fields of knowledge such as philosophy, literature and even modern sciences are manifestations of different linguistic systems and since language is metaphorical, interpretational, historical, and changeable, different fields of knowledge do not reflect the realities, but are metaphorical. Therefore, none of them is superior to others, but they are intermingled and there is no sharp line among them. A review of ideas of such philosophers as Cohen, la Catouche, and Feierabend would confirm postmodern claims of Derrida. In view of research results; designing knowledge on the basis of horizontal, rather than vertical, relations; interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary design; and designing knowledge based on subjects rather than courses has been proposed to specialists and policymakers.
