Public Management
A. Shirin; L. Forozandeh; H. Danaeefard; A. Khaefelahi
Abstract
The empowerment construct, which means “to empower” and “to enable”, has been discussed as an interdisciplinary construct at multiple times and in different fields. At the beginning of transformation, in the fields of religion and sociology the construct referred to power sharing. ...
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The empowerment construct, which means “to empower” and “to enable”, has been discussed as an interdisciplinary construct at multiple times and in different fields. At the beginning of transformation, in the fields of religion and sociology the construct referred to power sharing. During the following years, when the empowerment construct was discussed in the fields of education, psychology, and social work, the promotion of human welfare was identified as its ultimate goal. The main connection between productivity and empowerment has been considered in the field of management. This article aims to analyze the evolution of the empowerment construct in natural science, social sciences, and humanities in Iran. Thus, the required data was collected from 250 articles published in Iranian journals based on the qualitative content analysis method. The data was then analyzed according to the cluster analysis method using SPSS 23 and the Kruskal-Wallis statistical methods. The results indicate that the construct focused more on improving human resource productivity in the field of management while in other disciplines, the construct is focused on power sharing and promoting human welfare. Moreover, Iran has tried to model the subject of human excellence on an Iranian-Islamic approach. The authors recommend adopting an interdisciplinary perspective along with a psychological, structural, or combined approach for a proper understanding of the empowerment construct and designing a comprehensive model. This empowers researchers to design a comprehensive understanding of construct with multiple approaches. More extensive studies need to be conducted for the localization of these structures.
Architecture
S.M. Fazelian; S.R. Eqbali
Abstract
Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a ...
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Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a part of its coordination possibly due to their adopted methods. These theories have lost their capability of effective application because they have neglected the practical and concrete aspects (which all can be named under the title of “lifestyle”). The goal of this article is to include the concept of lifestyle in the definition of Islamic architecture, after presenting and criticizing theories mentioned in the research literature. This article emphasizes that lifestyle is the missing element of theories on Islamic architecture and that Islamic architecture can be applicable in the social life of the Iranians by including lifestyle in its definition.
