Educational Management
S. Ebrahimi Koushk Mahdi; M.R. Ahanchian; R. Hosseingholizadeh
Abstract
The debate over theory and theorizing in educational administration has been an old and persistent challenge. Although many experts view the educational administration field as interdisciplinary and integrated, the epistemological foundations and detection of its interdisciplinary nature and classification ...
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The debate over theory and theorizing in educational administration has been an old and persistent challenge. Although many experts view the educational administration field as interdisciplinary and integrated, the epistemological foundations and detection of its interdisciplinary nature and classification in education administration that lead to a validation theory in this field has been rarely studied. Considering the single-discipline and interdisciplinary macro approaches in the production of science, an attempt of theorizing actually focuses on the interdisciplinary approach in terms of diversity of integrated types and their diversified performances. Using an analytical-inferential approach, the present study identifies the current condition of "theorizing" in educational administration after identifying and introducing the interdisciplinary evaluation criteria in three forms of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary. And through analyzing a typical theory entitled "school as a social system" in educational administration, its natural and inevitable processes in the future have been investigated. The findings indicate that theorizing in educational administration studies is on the verge of transition from a single-discipline approach to multidisciplinary types. This way, the evolution of theorizing is predictable by diverging from a multidisciplinary to an interdisciplinary type.
Sociology
R. Yousefi Aghdam; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual ...
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The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual details) whereas for the data analysis, we applied the "thinking the way of thinking" technique (metaphorical analysis). The article is based on the fact that photography technology during the Qajar had been used as a cognitive model to describe the child and how he acquires the knowledge. The child is understood as a flexible and receptive category that records or captures their own perceptions (sensations) and hearings (movements). Seeing the child is passive and hence supervised object, and power (in the sense of fertility and the productivity of subjects) is exercised through photographic epistemology. Supervision means taking care of and controlling everything in the presence of the child; because the presence or "being in front of something" has found a theoretical meaning for children, that is, "impressionability" or imagery. The child records everything before him, like an automatic camera. The article traces the exercise of power through photographic epistemology in places where children are present (home, alleys, library and schools).
COVID-19 Crisis
Y. Mohamadifar; S. Amiri
Abstract
The emergence of some prominent political, economic, social, and biological crises plays a vital role in changing the behavior of human society. In this regard, the preventive and controlling actions of the Corona crisis, which require a comprehensive, systematic and multidimensional approach, have led ...
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The emergence of some prominent political, economic, social, and biological crises plays a vital role in changing the behavior of human society. In this regard, the preventive and controlling actions of the Corona crisis, which require a comprehensive, systematic and multidimensional approach, have led to changes in consumers’ purchasing behavior. What is important in this regard is the need to use an interdisciplinary perspective (economics, management, marketing, psychology and sociology) to understand this complex phenomenon. To this end, this article has been conducted using a qualitative approach and with the aim of modeling consumer purchasing behavior in the condition of the Corona virus (COVID-19) crisis, with a multidimensional approach. The methods include of: review of specialized databases, observation, and in-depth interviews with 28 key informants that validity and reliability of them had been confirmed, were used for data gathering. Results showed that the predictive model of the demand situation for Corona's post-crisis goods or services depends on 3 indicators: "the nature of the good or service" and "the level of human interaction in exchange" as well as "income level". Moreover, complete deletion; delayed purchase; purchase substitution; and the relative decline in purchases are the four behavioral categories that consumers adopt during the Corona Crisis, and this model depends on a variety of variables. Finally, the necessary recommendations, with an approach influenced by different areas of knowledge, were presented in the form of a model during the Corona crisis in line with changes in the marketing mix (4P).
H. Davari
Abstract
The emergence of some significant critical approaches and directions in the field of applied linguistics from the mid-1980s onwards has met with various positive and opposite reactions. On the basis of their strength and significance, such approaches and directions have challenged some of the mainstream ...
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The emergence of some significant critical approaches and directions in the field of applied linguistics from the mid-1980s onwards has met with various positive and opposite reactions. On the basis of their strength and significance, such approaches and directions have challenged some of the mainstream approaches’ claims, principles and assumptions. Among them, critical applied linguistics can be highlighted as a new approach, developed by the Australian applied linguist, Alastair Pennycook. The aspects, domains and concerns of this new approach were introduced in his book in 2001. Due to the undeniable importance of this approach, as well as partial negligence regarding it in Iranian academic setting, this paper first intends to introduce this approach, as an approach that evaluates various disciplines of applied linguistics through its own specific principles and interests. Then, in order to show its step-by-step application in the evaluation of different disciplines of applied linguistics, with a glance at its significance and appropriateness in Iranian society, two domains, namely English language education and language policy and planning, are introduced and evaluated in order to provide readers with a visible and practical picture of its interdisciplinary nature and evaluative functions. The findings indicate the efficacy of applying this interdisciplinary framework in any language-in-education policy and planning in accordance with the political, social and cultural context of the target society.
Rahman Paryad; Yahya Marofi
Abstract
Human life and its new requirements have made the specialization of sciences a must. However, from the beginning thecategories of knowledge could not make a clear boundary among different fields of sciences. Extra specialization along with the ...
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Human life and its new requirements have made the specialization of sciences a must. However, from the beginning thecategories of knowledge could not make a clear boundary among different fields of sciences. Extra specialization along with the complexity of science’s issues caused the spread of assimilation attitudes in production of knowledge. In the first part of the paper, the present situation of knowledge and need of unity among sciences will be explained. In the second part, the authorsbriefly explain the new patterns of knowledge are discussed. The final section of paper presents a model to emphasize onnecessities of unity of humanities disciplines.
Seyyed Mahdi Sajjadi; Soolmaz Nourabadi
Abstract
One of the issues in educational systems is the use of «interdisciplinary approach”. Interdisciplinary studies are intending to integrate, combine and interact the knowledge and skills in various related fields, which have been put to frequent use to enhance the understanding of studied issues ...
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One of the issues in educational systems is the use of «interdisciplinary approach”. Interdisciplinary studies are intending to integrate, combine and interact the knowledge and skills in various related fields, which have been put to frequent use to enhance the understanding of studied issues from every possible angle, develop the ability to fully analyze matters, provoke critical thought, encourage creativity and so on. On the other hand, philosophy of education as a one of the fields of human knowledge deals with these concepts. Successful development of interdisciplinary approach occurs when the results enjoy validity and the approach itself reflects understanding of the issues and presents realistic viable solutions. In other words, interdisciplinary approach is considered to be successful along with the efficient use of the experience, knowledge, skills, and approaches of the related fields. This article employing the analytical – descriptive method tries to investigate how and in what areas philosophy of education can be integrated into other fields of study (theoretical or practical), given the use of the interdisciplinary approach. Since the philosophy of education is discussed as the core of most humanities disciplines, knowledge areas such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, art and religion have been touched with the help of a deductive approach. The findings indicate that given the complex nature of human beings and the extent of education, dealing with issues of the humanities is out of the scope of one particular discipline and therefore, using an interdisciplinary approach is essential.
