Interdisciplinary
H. Ghajari; F. Hghparast
Abstract
Economic empowerment is one of the variables affecting women's social health in a society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the dimension of economic empowerment and social health of female-headed households, especially among self-help and non-self-help groups ...
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Economic empowerment is one of the variables affecting women's social health in a society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the dimension of economic empowerment and social health of female-headed households, especially among self-help and non-self-help groups as an interdisciplinary subject. Theories of social health and empowerment have been used to study the effect of independent variable on dependent ones. The main question of this article is whether there is a relationship between economic empowerment of women household heads and their social health? The research method is survey-based and through a prepared questionnaire. The statistical population is female-headed household members and those under the auspices of the Tehran Welfare Organization who were selected randomly. The sample size is 200 women. Findings showed that the average score of the five dimensions of social health in female-headed households in the self-help group was significantly higher at 95% confidence level than female-headed households in the non-self-employed group. The average score of four dimensions of economic empowerment in female-headed households in the self-help group was higher than non-self-employed female-headed households. Accordingly, based on the outcome, economic empowerment of women in these two groups found to have a significant effect on their social health.
Interdisciplinary
A. Shakeri; M. Farahmandfar
Abstract
Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbook is written by Hossein Payendeh as a university textbook for master's degree course in Persian language and literature. It was first published in two volumes in 2018 by SAMT publications. Given the global importance of interdisciplinary studies ...
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Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbook is written by Hossein Payendeh as a university textbook for master's degree course in Persian language and literature. It was first published in two volumes in 2018 by SAMT publications. Given the global importance of interdisciplinary studies in literature in recent decades as well as the need of the same in Persian literature, the current article makes an attempt to investigate the extent and manner of the application of interdisciplinary approaches in the aforementioned book. Taking into account historiographical and critical-analytical approaches, we could obtain a history of the theory and literary criticism in the West and then in Iran. This topic has also been presented in the official curriculums of Iranian universities. The form and structure of the book were studied after explaining the prevalence of the literary criticism discourse in Iran. In the section on reviewing the content, while enumerating the most important variables of the book, the relation of topics with the current situation of the theory and literary criticism in the West and Iran was explained and its contents drew the attention in order to confirm interdisciplinary studies in Persian literature. Based on the findings of this article, it can be argued that the publication of Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbookwhile preserving the link with literary theories, indicating a break from those theories and turning attention to interdisciplinary studies in Persian literature. Its publication as an academic textbook can be considered as a turning point in academic literary studies in Iran.
Interdisciplinary
Z. Rajabi; A. Fahiifar
Abstract
The inner connection of Persian poetry and literature with painting, which shows commonality in imagination and images, has caused these two domains to have deep attachment and provide a common language and expression to describe forms and meanings of the imaginary world. Iranian poets and painters have ...
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The inner connection of Persian poetry and literature with painting, which shows commonality in imagination and images, has caused these two domains to have deep attachment and provide a common language and expression to describe forms and meanings of the imaginary world. Iranian poets and painters have used special verbal and visual tools to convey these forms and meanings. This article, with emphasis on metaphor, discusses its role and expressive ability in poetry and painting. In the process, the paper seeks to answer: 1- What are the expressive effects of metaphor in Iranian poetry and painting? 2- How have painters used the capacity of metaphor in their visual expression? The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between the two cultural domains of Iran i.e. poetry and painting, and explain their commonalities, that is, in the world of imagination and images. Another purpose is to identify the type of metaphors and their visual kinds in paintings. This is a descriptive-analytical research in which data have been collected through library and documentation centers. The data indicate that metaphor used in Persian poetry in the form of words and sentences explicitly and implicitly transferred to Iranian painting. In other words, painters expressed these metaphors visually in the form of shapes, colors and textures and thus introduced a new visual identity to express themes.
Interdisciplinary
S. Kasnavi; S. N. Ebrahimi; M. Bagheri
Abstract
Financing sources used in infrastructure project is not merely equity capital, it is rather more debt capital. One of the most practical method in this regard is project finance. Because of two inherent characteristics of project finance- high leverage and non-recourse - it's necessary to consider special ...
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Financing sources used in infrastructure project is not merely equity capital, it is rather more debt capital. One of the most practical method in this regard is project finance. Because of two inherent characteristics of project finance- high leverage and non-recourse - it's necessary to consider special contractual rights for lenders. The existence of these rights and taking control over the project lead to high interdependence and nexuses of contract to the extent that we can assert the existence of contractual network in project finance. Contractual networks as a separate nature consider more flexibility to draft project contracts and can help to absorb more investment.
Interdisciplinary
S. M. Emami Meibodi; A. Ashtari
Abstract
A university based on a hundred-year history of teacher training centers was founded in the year 2000 under the name of "Farhangian University that the purpose is to provide, train and empower the teachers and staff of the Ministry of Education to provide exemplary citizenship to the community and nurture ...
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A university based on a hundred-year history of teacher training centers was founded in the year 2000 under the name of "Farhangian University that the purpose is to provide, train and empower the teachers and staff of the Ministry of Education to provide exemplary citizenship to the community and nurture Iranian citizens. This study was a correlational and correlational study that was conducted on all students of Yazd Farhangian University. The results showed that half of the statistical population was 20 years old and only 16% were married. Also, the mean scores of religious values indexes (61.6), goal orientation (67.5) and organizational citizenship behavior (82.5) were also between the religious values at work and goal orientation. There is a positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, these two variables accounted for a total of 54% of the changes in organizational citizenship behavior of students at Farhangian University. In this regard, it seems that in order to have future citizens, we need to educate the targeting and spirituality variables in the work and social environment.
Interdisciplinary
H. Afrakhteh
Abstract
Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position ...
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Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position among the world countries, but sometime has been witnessed a retreat. The main goal of this paper is analyzing the economic achievements of 70 years’ development programs and their effective factors from the viewpoints of mental structures. Research required data have collected through interview with development planers elites and some documents. Collected data analyzed through grounded theory and inductive reasoning. Findings show that economic goals of development programs have not realized after 70 years. Because the programs are not based on strong theoretical foundations and in accordance with country natural, economic and social condition. Therefore, People voluntary participation not guaranteed due to lack of democratic structure. Work does not have a significant validity; in spite of low economic weight of country among the world, a large share of world politics is being pursued in this country. The impact of natural, economic and social stabilities on production development does not matter and economics is not considering as an organic phenomenon. Therefore, negative mental structures play an important role in failing to fulfill development programs in Iran.
Interdisciplinary
M. Bahrani
Abstract
The interdisciplinary approach is a post-development approach. It introduces the idea-norm of responsibility as the teleost of education and research. Without this inter-teleos, all the modern values would be in risk of corruption. But the responsibility itself has limitations. The phenomenological hermeneutics ...
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The interdisciplinary approach is a post-development approach. It introduces the idea-norm of responsibility as the teleost of education and research. Without this inter-teleos, all the modern values would be in risk of corruption. But the responsibility itself has limitations. The phenomenological hermeneutics repairs and rectifies these limitations. By amending the inadequacy of responsibility in the interdisciplinary approach, we will be able not to act violently, doing less crimination, exploitation and harming the environment. For us, as people involving in the development process and democratization, to be responsible and to do interdisciplinary is a demanding and troublesome task of all disciplinary contributions. Only by an aggregation of knowledge and morality we can do Interdisciplinarity. Interdisciplinarity begins with promotion and flourishing the self, and flourishing the self needs rationality and criticism. In this research I argue that we need a phenomenological approach toward Interdisciplinarity, so the critiques and condemnations heretofore raised against the positive approach toward it diminish and the interdisciplinary collusion not occurs again.
Interdisciplinary
A.H. Hatami
Abstract
Texts of the History of Ideas according to their focus on the mentality of thinkers and theorists of the past have different content and nature than other historiographical texts. Because the mentality of any thinker is influenced by various political, social, historical, economic, religious, philosophical, ...
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Texts of the History of Ideas according to their focus on the mentality of thinkers and theorists of the past have different content and nature than other historiographical texts. Because the mentality of any thinker is influenced by various political, social, historical, economic, religious, philosophical, and cultural components, analyzing such texts requires interdisciplinary tools and methods. Among the methodologies available in this field, Quentin Skinner's intentional-contextual methodology has been one of the most widely used. However, the focus of Skinner's studies has been mainly on political thought, but his methodology is based on interdisciplinary principles and both he and his commentators have applied this methodology in various fields of the humanities. Therefore, in this article, using the analytical-descriptive method, and by providing several examples of historiographical texts and history of Iranian-Islamic thought, the application of Skinner's interdisciplinary methodology in such texts was examined. According to the findings of the article, study of texts of historiography and history of Iranian-Islamic thought, according to the effect they receive from different fields of humanities, requires interdisciplinary methodologies. Thus, given its emphasis on the "intention" of the author, Skinner's interdisciplinary methodology can significantly help to understand these texts, and in particular to critically examine many of them.
Interdisciplinary
M. Sajedi Rad; S. Naderi
Abstract
Sadegh Hedayat, a contemporary name-writer who achieved fame by presenting a novel way in fiction, relying on biological anthropology to retain his unique content, a collection of essays such as: Myths of Creation" Fathers of Man”, “Turkish Salt”, and “Darkroom” can be counted ...
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Sadegh Hedayat, a contemporary name-writer who achieved fame by presenting a novel way in fiction, relying on biological anthropology to retain his unique content, a collection of essays such as: Myths of Creation" Fathers of Man”, “Turkish Salt”, and “Darkroom” can be counted among them. Biological anthropology is one of the important branches of anthropological knowledge that examines the evolutionary structure of mankind. A few of his works contain some of the ideas of biological anthropology that, with their retrieval, can be found in the heritage of the survival of this knowledge. There are two documentary works that show the sources of guidance in this branch of anthropology. “The human and animal”, and “Benefits of vegetarianism”, which can be inferred from the depth of his studies in this field. The present study intends to study the capacity of these works from the point of view of biological anthropology and the extent of its services to recognize this knowledge in Iran.
Interdisciplinary
F. Mansourian Ravandi; M. Ganji; N. Nikkhah Ghamsari
Abstract
During the recent years, despite numerous studies conducted in the field of occupation of graduates in the Iran, several dimensions have still remained unknown; hence, conducting a qualitative meta-analysis in this field could reveal the methodological and content characteristics of these studies and ...
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During the recent years, despite numerous studies conducted in the field of occupation of graduates in the Iran, several dimensions have still remained unknown; hence, conducting a qualitative meta-analysis in this field could reveal the methodological and content characteristics of these studies and identify the research gaps in this field at the same time. Therefore, 92 studies in this field conducted during the period 1978 to 2018 in the form of theses and research papers were investigated through meta-analysis by searching for the two keywords "occupation and graduates" in two scientific databases including "Iran Science and Technology Research Institute (Iran Doc)” and “The Scientific Database of Jahad Daneshgahi”. Examining the studies published over the past few decades showed that investigating the issues related to graduates' occupation mainly involved emphasizing several specific dimensions such as occupation status and inoccupation of graduates, the need to focus on the quality of higher education and curriculum in the university, and highlighting graduate entrepreneurship. With regard to the results of research in this area, the repetition of studies and the lack of a comprehensive study on graduate occupation could be attributed to factors such as disproportionate share of academic disciplines, imbalances in the use of methodological approaches, a lack of theoretical basis that is consistent with conditions of Iranian society, a lack of focus on gender issues and challenges faced by graduates, inadequate attention to issues such as skills development and activities in the cooperative sectors and lack of future-based research.
Interdisciplinary
Gh. Darzi
Abstract
Interdiaciplinarity is one of the most significant phenomena of our time, but it is not an easy task to come up with a coherent and precise definition. Evidently,the reason is the wide variety of opinion among the experts in this field. A historical approach toward the most practical definitions of interdisciplinarity ...
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Interdiaciplinarity is one of the most significant phenomena of our time, but it is not an easy task to come up with a coherent and precise definition. Evidently,the reason is the wide variety of opinion among the experts in this field. A historical approach toward the most practical definitions of interdisciplinarity and its different types can be very advantageous in this regard. The present research has aimed to show that that , in its early stage, interdiscipllinarity was merely an idealistic concept which was related to the development of 'unified science'. However, the more we move to the present time, the more tangible problems from the world outside we can deal with. Three main insights into the concept of interdisciplinary are based on "Epistemic breaches", "degree of integration", and "the purpose of interdisciplinary research" and illustrate the afore-said conceptual transition. In the latter type, interdisciplinary researches are observed on the basis of their applicability. In the first two types, however, epistemological and knowledge-related issues are at stake. The most recent concept of "Transdisciplinarity" is also entirely based on the degree of applicability and locality of the issues in question. In the first type, we will face "crossing the boundaries of knowledge" and in the second one, we will "cross the field of knowledge". Among these terms, "multidisciplinary" has been far less controversial and there is a relatively good agreement on it. In this way, the co-operation of the disciplines is minimal.
Interdisciplinary
M. Taheri Demneh; Z. Heidari Darani
Abstract
Apart from the fact that the conceptualization and application of interdisciplinary fields are still in midway, most studies in this field have focused on f the university and paid attention to the necessity of establishing an interdisciplinarity at the university. However, academic experience has shown ...
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Apart from the fact that the conceptualization and application of interdisciplinary fields are still in midway, most studies in this field have focused on f the university and paid attention to the necessity of establishing an interdisciplinarity at the university. However, academic experience has shown that a student at the university who has not learned interdisciplinary skills before (in a pre-academic period or school), is weak in the understanding and use of interdisciplinarity at the university. From this viewpoint, regardless of the concept of "discipline," which remains a specialized activity in the university, the term "interdisciplinarity" expresses a set of future-oriented skills that have to be from the first stage of human development in the Education Portfolios. This paper is a theoretical and analytical attempt to extend interdisciplinarity in pre-academic literature. In this paper, first the feasibility and necessity of pre-academic interdisciplinarity are studied, and second, some practical solutions are offered to achieve this goal in order to form a collage of the future of the school. This collage is a future image of the schools where the interdisciplinary human achieves skills such as adaptability, teamwork, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving for living in a complex environment.
Interdisciplinary
A. Motamedi; M. Yamani Doozi Sorkhabi; A. Khorsandi Taskoh; M. Arefi
Abstract
Interdisciplinary research has been developing dramatically in the recent two decades. Reviewing the related literature shows that such research is very important in terms of its methodology and typology. This study aims to compare, describe, and determine different categories of interdisciplinary research ...
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Interdisciplinary research has been developing dramatically in the recent two decades. Reviewing the related literature shows that such research is very important in terms of its methodology and typology. This study aims to compare, describe, and determine different categories of interdisciplinary research considering their historical trends through a documentary research approach in a way other than the ones which have been done so far. This research applies a genealogical perspective to find roots of different categorizations of interdisciplinary research despite all the existing consistency and inconsistency. It also seeks to propose a new dialogue in this regard. The study indicates an overlap between different categories of research. In addition, interdisciplinary research along with changes in the role of universities has emphasized on a structural-practical categorization rather than a structural one in the late 20th century till recent decades. In the same way, the nature of knowledge has changed from an academic one to a post-academic one.
Interdisciplinary
ghasem darzi
Abstract
Analogy and metaphor are among figures of speech and play an important role in explaining the complexity. Even though metaphors often are considered among figures of speech but in recent modern years have been used in Scientific discoveries. So we could consider metaphors as a key instrument for removing ...
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Analogy and metaphor are among figures of speech and play an important role in explaining the complexity. Even though metaphors often are considered among figures of speech but in recent modern years have been used in Scientific discoveries. So we could consider metaphors as a key instrument for removing ambiguity of complex Phenomena. Complexity is a fundamental Criterion in interdisciplinary studies. So metaphors are very efficient in resolving complexity of interdisciplinary problems. We found six metaphors, as follows, with specific functions in interdisciplinary process: Crossing boundaries, Bridge building, Restructuring, Mapping, Archipelago, and Bilingualism. The four main applications of these metaphors are: 1) Explaining the general meaning of interdisciplinarity; 2) Defining the quality of interaction of disciplines; 3) Determining how to set up a dialogue between disciplines; And 4) Supporting to extract interdisciplinary issues and problems and Research program. With this four applicants we could claim that metaphors are useful instruments throughout the interdisciplinary process.
Interdisciplinary
M. Cheshmehsohrabi; F. Zarmehr
Abstract
Classical classification with two-value logic is the basis of most of the classification schemes, while with the emergence of interdisciplinary sciences, this has become challenging in properly determining their stance in the classification of science. The method adopted in this study is analytic consisting ...
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Classical classification with two-value logic is the basis of most of the classification schemes, while with the emergence of interdisciplinary sciences, this has become challenging in properly determining their stance in the classification of science. The method adopted in this study is analytic consisting of document analysis and content analysis. In the first, applying the targeted sampling method, the texts and documents related to the subject are assessed and in second, 125 methods (75 science and 50 library-bibliographic classification). The information related to categories, subcategories, indicators, etc. are identified and registered in the checklists. Here, the census method is adopted. As to the 75 classification systems of science, the oldest is the Vedic classification. In relation to Bibliographic Classification Systems, 50 classification systems, they are of four categories of ancient, medieval, new and modern centuries. The study of main categories, and subcategories of classification of science systems and library-bibliographic classification systems indicate that basis of “division of science” or “division of written sources” in these systems are subject or field and interdisciplinary sciences are not considered in an independent manner. Therefore, we are faced with binary, triple, quaternary etc. in most library-bibliographic classification systems and in the classification systems of sciences, which are in fact derived from classical logic. The results of the research indicate that the interdisciplinary science fields lack an independent position in 125 classification systems. In brief, the fuzzy logic is proposed as a substitute methodology and logic in the classification of sciences and library references.
Interdisciplinary
F. Mohammadi; M. Noghani; M. Kermani; K. Khaleghpanah
Abstract
Organizations, community groups, elites, and government policies in many ways influence the process of future construction, while they are heavily influenced by various scholars. Based on the theories of social status and socialization, and the policy model for the elite of the masses, the future is ...
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Organizations, community groups, elites, and government policies in many ways influence the process of future construction, while they are heavily influenced by various scholars. Based on the theories of social status and socialization, and the policy model for the elite of the masses, the future is continually being influenced by the individual and organizational elements that are active in the society, and these individuals and organizations, usually they formulate their actions with scientific justifications, which are taught in interaction with scientists and elites. Moreover, the scientific findings from the efforts of various scholars may be influenced by a set of theories focused on the implementation of the future world. Because these interdisciplinary sciences are the theoretical outcomes of various sciences and technologies, they affect theories and strategies of change and future transformation programs; the effect of the influence of knowledge in the general language, the logic of government agents, and the procedures Behavioral and constructive structure in the process of development of organizations and social institutions. This article discusses how the future is made. The process of constructing the future introduces the ultimate social components, linguistic facts, decision-making and active actors of actors (organizations, people, and elites). These components shape the future reality by influencing interdisciplinary sciences and their mutual influence on it.
Interdisciplinary
T. Miremadi
Abstract
Here we present an overview of the theoretical evolution of the field of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP) research and its implications on the progressive evolution from a single discipline of Neo-classical economics to an interdisciplinary research field with critical and reflective ...
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Here we present an overview of the theoretical evolution of the field of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP) research and its implications on the progressive evolution from a single discipline of Neo-classical economics to an interdisciplinary research field with critical and reflective capacity. Research field can be more empowering to offer relevant policy if the integration among the involved disciplines is higher. This overview will help in determining if different paradigmatic turns this field has gone through, during the last 60 years, has prepared the field to offer more salient policy advice to the policymakers for the complex problems. The research unit is "research program" that each theoretical paradigm developed around the notion of "Failure" which justifies the public intervention in STIP space. Drawing on Klein–Welsh classification, the conceptual model was constructed on Fritsch technological instrumentalism-McCarthy's technological essentialism. The findings of this study are: First, this research field has gone through two significant paradigmatic shifts; from instrumentalism to technological essentialism of evolutionary economics and now to interactionism of multi-level perspective approach. Second, these two turns have increased the complexity of the level of analysis, the integrated disciplines and the level of integration within the field. Based on the conceptual framework, the study concludes that the field of STIP is emerging more integrated at the level of its foundations and by being more reflective and critical. It has increased its power to provide more relevant policy prescriptions for wicked problems.
Interdisciplinary
N. Rahmannasab Amiri; A. Pourezzat
Abstract
The crisis in global natural water will be an issue of concern in this century for several reasons. Some of them are population growth, climate changes and specifically unsustainable use of water resources that makes provision of safe drinking water one of the most important global concerns. As one of ...
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The crisis in global natural water will be an issue of concern in this century for several reasons. Some of them are population growth, climate changes and specifically unsustainable use of water resources that makes provision of safe drinking water one of the most important global concerns. As one of the human rights, the right to water will be a major concern. Undoubtedly, states have an international duty to ensure individual’s access to safe drinking water. But solving water crisis and finding further methods to use the water resources more sustainably shall not be attainable without the participation of the private sector. The engagement of transnational enterprises with high financial, technical and human resources from the private sector in water provision and management with respect to the right to water, reveals the importance of reviewing the role and responsibility of private sector, specifically transnational corporations in implementation of right to water. The present article, choosing interdisciplinary approach, attempts to review the legal and ethical justifications of private enterprises’ responsibility for human right to water as well as determine the nature and scope of such responsibility as a financial entity, not as public interest provider.
Interdisciplinary
M. Sobhaninejad; S. Nourabadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explain the prerequisites and mechanism of interdisciplinary curriculum in order to realize comprehensive episteme. The research method in this article is analytical-deductive. Two important questions are going to be answered: "1) What are the prerequisites for interdisciplinary ...
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The purpose of this study is to explain the prerequisites and mechanism of interdisciplinary curriculum in order to realize comprehensive episteme. The research method in this article is analytical-deductive. Two important questions are going to be answered: "1) What are the prerequisites for interdisciplinary curriculum? 2) What is the mechanism for substantiation in the acquired episteme through interdisciplinary curriculum in higher education?" According to the findings, the most important prerequisite for interdisciplinary curriculum is understanding the importance of interdisciplinarity in learner's self-directing. It is necessary for relevant practitioners to realize that the division of subjects into separate syllabus makes it difficult to connect the concept. The current discipline-based curriculum does not provide learners to develop higher cognitive skills, which neglects dimensions of insight and skills of learning. Also, since comprehensive episteme is learning that includes cognition, insight, and skill,the academic curriculum must be conducive so that learners can reach all aspects of comprehensive episteme. The mechanism of interdisciplinary curriculum is to provide opportunity for discussion and thinking. It is also a means for professors to become acquainted with new teaching methods, make assessment of local and national needs, consider the results within the curriculum content and finally apply an appropriate evaluation method. By using interdisciplinary curriculum, it is possible to realize the comprehensive episteme of the university's prominent goals.
Interdisciplinary
M. Heydarian; H.R. Ghorbani; H. Arab; Sh. Parse
Abstract
Geographical information system (GIS) technology has a variety of facilities and programs based on software features and functionalities. It has been increasingly used within archaeological research contexts over the last 30 years. The widespread use of this system in archaeology is a product ...
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Geographical information system (GIS) technology has a variety of facilities and programs based on software features and functionalities. It has been increasingly used within archaeological research contexts over the last 30 years. The widespread use of this system in archaeology is a product of the proliferation and availability of geographic software programs, advances in computer technology and, abundance of spatial data in archaeology. Iranian archaeology is not an exception to this rule. In recent years many researches and thesis have appropriately used these tools in their studies. This study reviews the necessity of using spatial theories in archaeology and review the application of this system in Iranian archaeology. After reviewing applied activities based on this systems in landscape studies and intra-site applications in Iran , it was clear that archaeologists have not completely identified the capabilities and features of this system. Absence of legitimate uses by geography graduates assisting in archaeological studies are the most important difficulties in the way of GIS in Iranian archaeology. However, other factors such as difficulty of spatial models suitable for all objects and various forms from excavations; the lack of database updates; length of archaeological interpretations of excavations for printing; a great variety of objects, concepts and specific functions; mapping and image analysis; cultural and regional diversity; chronology and historical context; financial deterrents; the lack of consensus among the Iranian archaeologists and so on affect this matter as well.
Interdisciplinary
A. Zarei Dehbaghi; S. Zarghami Hamrah; Y. Ghaedi; Kh. Bagheri Noaparast
Abstract
The aim of this description-inductive study, is to draw forth implications for the purposes of scholarship in the social science based on critical realism with an emphasis on interdisciplinary studies. Critical realism, from an epistemological insight, is seen as the basis for scholarship references ...
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The aim of this description-inductive study, is to draw forth implications for the purposes of scholarship in the social science based on critical realism with an emphasis on interdisciplinary studies. Critical realism, from an epistemological insight, is seen as the basis for scholarship references (teaching, research, application and integration) in social science. The results of this research indicate that critical realism, with its emphasis on mind-independent reality and the nature of the criticism of knowledge, focuses on an emancipator training in social science. In research, critical realism stresses philosophy and philosophical self-awareness. Therefore, social science researchers understand the hidden assumptions and outright lies in their own research better. In the field of integration, the emphasis is on understanding the reality on a large scale. Therefore, it recognizes the interdisciplinary science of knowledge and welcomes every science that can better explain and interpret the complex layers of reality. Thus, critical realism, in practice, has the potential to solve social problems thru its perspective on the science of integration. The reason for this is theorizing far from narrow-mindedness while, at the same time, in harmony with the critical realism. This is due to its critical nature which brings knowledge closer to practice.
Interdisciplinary
R. Mahoozi; M. Etesami
Abstract
From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a ...
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From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a philosophical & mystic tradition, has, found its role in the minds of many different countries & cultures. Accordingly, the educational and scientific programs related to the contemporary traditionalism which is influenced by ideas of Seyed Hossein Nasr in Iran have been valid. This paper reviews the critics of thought, especially Seyed Hossein Nasr. The content & structure of modern science and scientific system corresponding to the alternative proposal are discussed in an interdisciplinary approach. Thus on the one hand, responding to the interdisciplinary approach of traditionalisms in contemporary world and on the other hand, alternatively returning to metaphysic tradition and not just the past, provides opportunity to understand the whole system of thought that includes the sciences such as philosophy, theology, mystic, history, psychology , art, politics and the Exacts science . In this article we will try to look at the future of science according to the critical view of Seyed Hossein Nasr towards scientific system. This approach argues that this scientific system is rooted in metaphysics an inversion of modern era.
Interdisciplinary
N. Taghavian
Abstract
Is identity a heritage inherited from the past or a choice for the future? In this question, the concept of ‘time’ is presupposed. Thus, my point of departure is analyzing the concept of time. Then the relation between the concept of time and social theory will be examined to maintain ...
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Is identity a heritage inherited from the past or a choice for the future? In this question, the concept of ‘time’ is presupposed. Thus, my point of departure is analyzing the concept of time. Then the relation between the concept of time and social theory will be examined to maintain that ‘sociology’ is the science of ‘space’ rather than the science of ‘time. ‘History’, however, is the science of ‘time’ which, in its Hegelian version, has a strong connection with the paradigm of the ‘philosophy of consciousnesses’. This paradigm would not allow sociology to be established, because sociology is the theory of action rather than the theory of consciousness. For this very reason, the establishment of sociology in the late nineteenth century was contemporaneous with the crisis of the philosophy of consciousness. The focal point of this crisis was the concept of ‘subject’, which itself was both the base of modern philosophy and the focus of modern society. But Marx, Nietzsche, Freud and Romanticist Movement radically criticized the concept of ‘subject’ and thus brought about crisis for modern society. The establishment of sociology was a response to such a crisis. It was a turning point by which we became aware of the heaviness and harmfulness of ‘tempocentrism’ and instead point to the usefulness of ‘topocentrism’. After this theoretical discussion, some problems of tempocentristic approach to ‘identity’ in Iranian social science will be referred to show how this approach is laden with the past, and therefore, unable to regard the future. The Iranian social science’s inability to develop an ‘action theory’ seems to be rooted in its tempocentrism. In order to find a way out of this dead-end and open some new horizons in the sphere of theory and practice, the Iranian sociology need to throw down the approach to identity ‘as a heritage from the past’ and adopt it ‘as a choice for the future’. Finally, I will discuss ‘rational identity’ and its relation to social science.
Interdisciplinary
H. Dadashpoor; N. Alvandipour
Abstract
Spatial justice is the ultimate goal for human society and one of the main purposes of urban planning. In its most general sense, it has been accepted with significant popularity among the experts and scholars throughout history. The result is a massive collection of various theories based on the concept ...
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Spatial justice is the ultimate goal for human society and one of the main purposes of urban planning. In its most general sense, it has been accepted with significant popularity among the experts and scholars throughout history. The result is a massive collection of various theories based on the concept of justice in the city. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of justice, sometimes the implementations of this concept as well as its definitions and explanations do not agree or even they may contradict.Therefore, defining a conceptual typology and clarifying the theoretical route of justice urban theories are the main aims of this paper. To do this, we use systematic review of justice based theories in urban planning and utilize Allmendinger mete-theory framework with five broad categories. Besides defining the framework, it also provides opportunity for theorizing in this field. The present article attempts to explain the essence of justice urban planning theories. In this regard, methods such as Systematic Review, secondary study and typology as quality research strategies are used to collect and analyze the data. Typology study helps the better understanding of this interdisciplinary concept. Therefore, by reviewing all typology of planning theory, justice urban planning theories have been explained, based on the selected one. At the end, this article presents a conceptual frameworkfor better and more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the principle of justice in urban planning.
Interdisciplinary
N. Fazeli; F. Koushki
Abstract
The fundamental change in language research, which started with Saussure in the early twentieth century and led to the establishment of modern linguistics, restricted the said research within the so-called central part of language, i. e., the language system, without taking into consideration anything ...
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The fundamental change in language research, which started with Saussure in the early twentieth century and led to the establishment of modern linguistics, restricted the said research within the so-called central part of language, i. e., the language system, without taking into consideration anything that was conceived as external to language as an autonomous system. In terms of its clearly-defined theoretical structure and subject, modern linguistics once again became an influential leading discipline in the humanities and social sciences. It achieved a great deal, but its achievements took place at the cost of isolating language from its environment and excluding the user of language and the context in which language is used from the scope of linguistic analysis. Although this stance has long been criticized by scholars who prefer to see language within a more extended context, it has generally been ignored by mainstream linguists who dominate linguistic circles. However, in the last few decades of the twentieth century, significant changes have taken place in linguistic studies. These changes have brought about a new era, the era of ″post-modern linguistics″, in which the theoretical foundations of modern linguistics are problematized and the way language is viewed and investigated is profoundly renewed. This article is written in a narrative form describing the linguistic change from modernism to postmodernism and in the course of this review it will become clear in which research perspective the two main linguistics directions (theoretical and applied) are located: disciplinary interdisciplinary and transdisiplinary? In other words what is the object of linguistics research?
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