Sociology
M.R. Kolahi
Abstract
According to prevalent narratives, firstly, the Iranian revolution was the outcome of the dominance of the religious-traditional part of the society over the modern part. And secondly, it was the same religious-traditional section that took power and had their sway over the Iranian society after the ...
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According to prevalent narratives, firstly, the Iranian revolution was the outcome of the dominance of the religious-traditional part of the society over the modern part. And secondly, it was the same religious-traditional section that took power and had their sway over the Iranian society after the victory of the revolution. This article wants to challenge both of these narratives. From this article’s perspective, the religious-traditional section of pre-revolutionary Iran itself can be divided into political and non-political parts. The discourse of “political Islam” was different from those of traditional and conservative ones which prevailed among large parts of the religion-oriented population of Iran. But the second and more important point is that even the pre-revolution discourse of political Islam did not remain the same, after the revolution and with the establishment of the Islamic Republic in the 1980s. It was found that during the post-revolutionary era, a new discourse was emerging as a result of the conjuncture of the event of war and “Imam Khomeini’s charisma”. This discourse shaped an ideology that gave legitimacy to the Islamic Republic in the sixties, inevitably demanded obedient and conservative subjects and could not remain the same discourse that nurtured rebellious revolutionary subjects prior to the revolution.
Sociology
R. Yousefi Aghdam; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual ...
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The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual details) whereas for the data analysis, we applied the "thinking the way of thinking" technique (metaphorical analysis). The article is based on the fact that photography technology during the Qajar had been used as a cognitive model to describe the child and how he acquires the knowledge. The child is understood as a flexible and receptive category that records or captures their own perceptions (sensations) and hearings (movements). Seeing the child is passive and hence supervised object, and power (in the sense of fertility and the productivity of subjects) is exercised through photographic epistemology. Supervision means taking care of and controlling everything in the presence of the child; because the presence or "being in front of something" has found a theoretical meaning for children, that is, "impressionability" or imagery. The child records everything before him, like an automatic camera. The article traces the exercise of power through photographic epistemology in places where children are present (home, alleys, library and schools).
Sociology
N. Sedghi
Abstract
The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and ...
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The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and the concepts of “Patrimonialism” and “the Oriental City” in the sociology of Max Weber. As he has used the native concept of the "Muluk-al-Tawaiifi” to analyze some of the characteristics of the social and political life of the nomadic societies and their effects on social and political life of Iran. Ashraf, one of the representatives of the discourse of democratic and capitalist development pattern based on the role of the middle class or bourgeoisie. Ashraf's views on the historical barriers of Iranian society development are remarkable at three levels of political, social and economic interconnectedness. The dominance of Asian systems and the patrimonial and the Muluk al-Tawaiifi in the political arena, Nomadic, rural, and urban community associations in the social arena And the unity of the methods of agricultural production and handicrafts were the factors that Ashraf has raised as historical obstacles to the realization of feudalism and the growth of "national capitalism" in Iranian history.
Political Sciences
R. Abbastabar; Kh. Mohammad hoseinpour
Abstract
This paper attempts to enter the fields of history, sociology and political sciences and finds a link between their theoretical and practical bases. Therefore, the main concern in this paper is to find the relationship between Anfal (a historical and socio-political event) and modernism (a political-philosophical ...
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This paper attempts to enter the fields of history, sociology and political sciences and finds a link between their theoretical and practical bases. Therefore, the main concern in this paper is to find the relationship between Anfal (a historical and socio-political event) and modernism (a political-philosophical concept). It attempts to find out if Anfal or the genocide of the Iraqi Kurds has any relationship with modernism and if it can be considered as a by-product of modernism. By explaining the concept of modernism and highlighting the paradoxes in it, this paper examines Anfal vs-a-vis these paradoxes. To answer research questions of the theory of modernism theory and its critical attitude one has to depend on data analysis and use of the descriptive analytical method. The hypothesis in this study is that Anfal is the product of modernism. Findings of the study show that Anfal is the product of the paradoxes in modernism and modernism while encountering Anfal has shown its dark side. Fatalism is an aspect which has developed as a result of instrumental rationality which in itself is an outcome of modernism.The instrumental rationality has brought with itbureaucracy, army and technology as a result of which government fell in the hands of the Baath Partywhich was the direct product of Anfal.
