Gholamreza Khajesarvi
Abstract
Historical background of the theoretical aspects of political science in Iran refers to pre-islamic period; but political science as an imported science was prevailed in the Ghajar dynasty era. This kind of science, entering in land of Iran, accompanied with the modernity. Therefore its content, method ...
Read More
Historical background of the theoretical aspects of political science in Iran refers to pre-islamic period; but political science as an imported science was prevailed in the Ghajar dynasty era. This kind of science, entering in land of Iran, accompanied with the modernity. Therefore its content, method and all its problems are seemed to be set with historical implication of modernity and its raising place, i.e. western countries. Islamic revolution in 1979 caused a revolution in the realm of thinking. By putting special stress on Islamic values, it changed all Iranian life styles and started a trend in localization of academy and knowledge. In last tree decades we have seen a huge number of academic works on localization of political science. Some universities are progressive in producing such literature on the case, among them are Imam Sadegh and Bagher o Al-Oloum Universities. By defining and introducing interdisciplinaries, they could make political science have critical development in the field of localization of the political science. This experiences can be look forwarded as two applied cases for further investigation; so we can reach to an ideal type of Islamic knowledge and university.
S. Mirvasinik
Abstract
The present research examines, within the context of political thought and using the analytical-interpretive method, the most important theoretical assumptions of Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and investigates its effects on the field of gender equality. Here it is argued that understanding ...
Read More
The present research examines, within the context of political thought and using the analytical-interpretive method, the most important theoretical assumptions of Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and investigates its effects on the field of gender equality. Here it is argued that understanding development and its impacts on equality and justice cannot be separated from its underlying philosophical implications. In this context, gender-based study of theories of development suggests their failure in the field of women’s issues and their gender-related barriers in benefitting from the opportunities and real sources of life. These approaches either adopt a passive attitude toward women or overlook their abilities by having an abstract conception of freedom and equal opportunity. Capability approach, which is the basis of Amartya Sen’s humane approach to development, provides us with a comprehensive perspective in this regard. By establishing a link between freedom, justice and democracy, Sen considers the empowerment of women to be the axis of development. In this approach, in order to fulfill women’s instrumental freedom, development should focus primarily on women’s empowerment and then provide suitable external conditions for them to express themselves and to have their power of selection.
Women Studies
S. Kh. Mortazavi; sh. Pakzad
Abstract
Since the 18th century, Rousseau has been often credited with egalitarian and liberal views worldwide; however, his potent pen in shaping ideas has led to women’s extreme suppression. It seems that Rousseau had been suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder to the extent that through one of ...
Read More
Since the 18th century, Rousseau has been often credited with egalitarian and liberal views worldwide; however, his potent pen in shaping ideas has led to women’s extreme suppression. It seems that Rousseau had been suffering from Dissociative Identity Disorder to the extent that through one of his personality states he leads women to utter subservience, and through the other one he gives them an aura of holiness. The present paper depicts such dualities through the analysis of Rousseau’s three books, Emile, Social Contract and Confessions. In Emile, women are pictured as subservient to men. In the Social Contract, the most important book by Rousseau and an early work on the discourse of equality in the modern era, women are largely ignored, while in Confessions they are worshipped. In order to analyze and interpret these three perennial works, the author-based hermeneutic approach of Quentin Skinner was utilized in an attempt to unpick Rousseau’s intentions. Moreover, the theoretical and conceptual categorization of Luce Irigaray, the post-modern feminist who believes that the method of oppression of women by men on women is used in elaborating Rousseau’s unfair judgments. In this interdisciplinary study of women, Rousseau’s discourse and political thought on gender inequality are intermingled. In short, under the influence of psychological complexities, Rousseau gives women a subservient, far-from-human status through his use of language.
Interdisciplinary
H. Afrakhteh
Abstract
Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position ...
Read More
Iran have the longest history of development program among the under developing countries, but it is still a developing country. None of the country development programs including before and after the revolution, has reached its economic goals. Nowadays, the country has not suitable development position among the world countries, but sometime has been witnessed a retreat. The main goal of this paper is analyzing the economic achievements of 70 years’ development programs and their effective factors from the viewpoints of mental structures. Research required data have collected through interview with development planers elites and some documents. Collected data analyzed through grounded theory and inductive reasoning. Findings show that economic goals of development programs have not realized after 70 years. Because the programs are not based on strong theoretical foundations and in accordance with country natural, economic and social condition. Therefore, People voluntary participation not guaranteed due to lack of democratic structure. Work does not have a significant validity; in spite of low economic weight of country among the world, a large share of world politics is being pursued in this country. The impact of natural, economic and social stabilities on production development does not matter and economics is not considering as an organic phenomenon. Therefore, negative mental structures play an important role in failing to fulfill development programs in Iran.
Ghasem Salimi; Zahra Sabaghian; Hasan Danaeifard; Mahmod Abolghasemi
Abstract
A battle of ideas on the conceptualization of producing, sharing, dissemination and application of knowledge in universities and higher education institutions is a complex issue that a lot of attention in the academic literature and management areas has focused on. on the basis of studies, knowledge ...
Read More
A battle of ideas on the conceptualization of producing, sharing, dissemination and application of knowledge in universities and higher education institutions is a complex issue that a lot of attention in the academic literature and management areas has focused on. on the basis of studies, knowledge sharing in higher education as an interdisciplinary field of study that links between the two major "knowledge management" and “higher education" specially in higher education management, has been emerged. Many scholars and researchers have tried to respond to these questions: What are the factors that influence people in knowledge sharing? What are factors and possible reasons for sharing or not sharing? This paper discussed and explored the knowledge sharing phenomenon in higher education in an interdisciplinary field of study and, it has analyzed the factors affecting knowledge sharing among faculty members. The article ends with this conclusion that to explore the knowledge sharing phenomenon in higher education and theorizing in this field, understanding and analyzing the nature of knowledge, motivation and opportunity for sharing of knowledge are essential. The study has reviewed the results of two decades important empirical research in academic environment. Finally, with focus on current situation and potentiality of future research on knowledge sharing in academic environment a conceptual model has presented.
Gholamali Tabarsa; Mahdi Hasanvand mofrad; Mohsen Arefnezhad
Abstract
Abstract Quality education and research, including the major concerns of higher education systems in most countries of the world.Surveys show that despite its role in human resource development and universities have always been the efforts of this is that they can train students to solve community problems, ...
Read More
Abstract Quality education and research, including the major concerns of higher education systems in most countries of the world.Surveys show that despite its role in human resource development and universities have always been the efforts of this is that they can train students to solve community problems, and failures of education is still lacking. University as an organization that plays an essential role in the development of scientific, cultural and professional training should keep pace with scientific developments, and educational needs of national and global scale, continuous process to improve their educational quality. This study examines some of the factors affecting educational quality has been improved. These include supporting students and professors, faculty, administrative services, library services, educational programs and locations, are infrastructure and facilities. To identify and ranking factors that influence the improving educational quality using the AHP approach is used to the opinions of130people of Professors and Students of the University. According to information obtained by using expert choice software provided training program with a weight 0.338 has the greatest impact on improving the quality of education. Then faculty members with weight 0.246, Supporting students and teachers with weight0.122, Location, infrastructure and facilities with weight0.103, Library Services with weight0.102, Administrative Services with weight0.089, The are next priorities
Tooraj Rahmani
Abstract
Achieving an accurate knowledge about the relationship between history and politics and then achieve an understanding of the Interdisciplinary nature of these two branches of the humanities is the fundamental purpose of this study. This goal can be more realized with a focus onagency. In ...
Read More
Achieving an accurate knowledge about the relationship between history and politics and then achieve an understanding of the Interdisciplinary nature of these two branches of the humanities is the fundamental purpose of this study. This goal can be more realized with a focus onagency. In other words, human agency is a turning point that Focused onit, this article attempts to read avariety of texts about it. The question of agency in the relationship between historyand politics is formulated that way: is the politics a manifestation of human agency in settling his personal and public life? Or Reflects course of victimization of entities of human and social against the will predetermined that forms their affairs or with respect of both? But the answer to this question is: Human in the political arena affected by the historical structures andvice versa the historical structures in the political arena form with human agency. On this basis for a deep understanding of the quality of agency it is necessary simultaneous attention to history and politics. While the garlicin history regardless of the politics (that is manifestation of agency and makes the history) is an unfinished attempt and also study of politics regardless of the history (that structures of against agency comefrom the depths of history) is insufficient. This relationship tells from interdisciplinary nature of knowledge of history and politics. Moreover their interaction also provides Possibility of creating an interdisciplinary knowledge.
Sociology
M. Fouladiyan; H. R. Jalaeipour
Abstract
There are different and at times contradictory concepts of Charismatic and Farrahmandaneh authority. Some researchers and translators have used these concepts interchangeably. There are, however, fundamental differences between these two. Based on the three types of authority in Weber`s view, ...
Read More
There are different and at times contradictory concepts of Charismatic and Farrahmandaneh authority. Some researchers and translators have used these concepts interchangeably. There are, however, fundamental differences between these two. Based on the three types of authority in Weber`s view, in this article I have tried to clarify the meanings and boundaries of them. To do this, basic dimensions of the three Weberian types of authority are discussed along with Farrahmandaneh authority in order to clarify the status of Farrahmandaneh authority in Weber`s intellectual system. Since the concept of authority and different forms of it are understood and interpreted in different epistemic systems, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of it and in particular, to compare the types of Weberian authority with Farrahmandaneh authority, one has to rely on sociology, political science, and even history and literature. As far as the limits and scope of this article allow, the interdisciplinary nature of this concept has been in the forefront. The results show that despite some similarities, Farrahmandaneh authority has major differences with Charismatic authority. In fact, Farrahmandaneh authority is a kind of traditional authority which due to structural factors contains some dimensions of Charismatic authority as well.
Reza Samim
Abstract
In the contemporary era in countries in transition, especially those countries which have a long history in founding and maintaining traditional institutions for higher education in the humanities, we have witnessed the simultaneous presence of traditional and modern institutions for higher education ...
Read More
In the contemporary era in countries in transition, especially those countries which have a long history in founding and maintaining traditional institutions for higher education in the humanities, we have witnessed the simultaneous presence of traditional and modern institutions for higher education in the humanities. This simultaneous presence has often revealed itself in the form of conflicting coexistence and has caused a kind of non-productive action in the space of production and consumption of the humanities in these societies. Iran, as a country in transition, with the aforesaid history in founding traditional institutions for higher education in the humanities, which has also tried in the last one hundred years to establish modern institutions for higher education in the humanities, has experienced the same trend. After the 1979 Revolution in Iran, attempt was made to combine the traditional and modern models of higher education in the humanities. Although this combination did not produce the desired results at first, it seems that today, on the basis of this combination, some institutions have come into existence, which are able to perform their research and educational duties properly. The present article uses the historical method, to study the origin of the aforesaid idea of combination, and then introduce an example of the successful implementation of this combination, which has established itself in the form of a university institution.
Nader Shahamat; Hamid Reza Arasteh; Fatemeh Shahamat; Maryam Roozagar
Abstract
Academic interdisciplinaries demand their own specific standards of excellence. This study attempts to design a conceptual model and to edit its structural indices in university and descriptive-analytic method is used in it. For this reason, at first conceptual dimensions of the structure have been identified ...
Read More
Academic interdisciplinaries demand their own specific standards of excellence. This study attempts to design a conceptual model and to edit its structural indices in university and descriptive-analytic method is used in it. For this reason, at first conceptual dimensions of the structure have been identified and appropriate indices and criteria have been designed and edited on the basis of those factors. The population survey includes documents and reports exist in information databases that are accessible to the researcher with regard to the research topic, and sampling has been characterized by the use of purposeful sampling. Results of the study reveals that in order to develop an academic interdisciplinary structure one has to pay attention to the five conceptual dimensions Including interdisciplinary philosophy, conditions and situations, selection, balance and mass participation, as well as five main factors in strategies for making interdisciplinary structure which includes: policies, management and organizational structure, infrastructure support, leadership, support and supervision, funding, the officialism. So in this research to create an interdisciplinary structure, factors, specific criteria and indicators were identified and designed.
Interdisciplinary
M. A. Erfanmanesh; M. Morovati Ardakani
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the collaboration network of authors and institutions in papers published in the quarterly journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities from the first to the 27th issue. Accordingly, the number of publications, authorship patterns, most productive authors ...
Read More
The aim of this study is to analyze the collaboration network of authors and institutions in papers published in the quarterly journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities from the first to the 27th issue. Accordingly, the number of publications, authorship patterns, most productive authors and institutions, characteristics of collaboration networks as well as authors’ areas of expertise were studied. To conduct this applied research, scientometric and social network analysis indicators were utilized. Moreover, UCINet software was used for visualization and analysis of scientific collaboration networks. Results of the study revealed that 185 papers written by 272 researchers from 70 institutions have been published in the first 27 issues of the journal. Investigating the collaboration network of researchers showed that they tend to publish individually or collaboratively in small groups. 48.65% of the papers were single-authored and 51.53% weremultiple-authored. Moreover, Shahid Beheshti University, University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modaress University as well as Kharazmi University played the most important and central roles in collaboration network of institutions in the journal. Last but not least, the fields with the highest share of publication in Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities were Educational Sciences, Political Sciences and Management.
Interdisciplinary
M. Cheshmehsohrabi; F. Zarmehr
Abstract
Classical classification with two-value logic is the basis of most of the classification schemes, while with the emergence of interdisciplinary sciences, this has become challenging in properly determining their stance in the classification of science. The method adopted in this study is analytic consisting ...
Read More
Classical classification with two-value logic is the basis of most of the classification schemes, while with the emergence of interdisciplinary sciences, this has become challenging in properly determining their stance in the classification of science. The method adopted in this study is analytic consisting of document analysis and content analysis. In the first, applying the targeted sampling method, the texts and documents related to the subject are assessed and in second, 125 methods (75 science and 50 library-bibliographic classification). The information related to categories, subcategories, indicators, etc. are identified and registered in the checklists. Here, the census method is adopted. As to the 75 classification systems of science, the oldest is the Vedic classification. In relation to Bibliographic Classification Systems, 50 classification systems, they are of four categories of ancient, medieval, new and modern centuries. The study of main categories, and subcategories of classification of science systems and library-bibliographic classification systems indicate that basis of “division of science” or “division of written sources” in these systems are subject or field and interdisciplinary sciences are not considered in an independent manner. Therefore, we are faced with binary, triple, quaternary etc. in most library-bibliographic classification systems and in the classification systems of sciences, which are in fact derived from classical logic. The results of the research indicate that the interdisciplinary science fields lack an independent position in 125 classification systems. In brief, the fuzzy logic is proposed as a substitute methodology and logic in the classification of sciences and library references.
Social Sciences
O. Mohammadzade; S.H. Marjaei; A. Vedadhir; M.R. Kolahi
Abstract
The present article aims at determining the mediating role of hope for the future in the relationship between mental health and academic socialization. The research method is survey and analysis using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study includes all the students ...
Read More
The present article aims at determining the mediating role of hope for the future in the relationship between mental health and academic socialization. The research method is survey and analysis using Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study includes all the students of National, Payam Noor and Islamic Azad universities of Ilam in the academic year 2018-2019, approximately 9132 students. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size is 384 students and was selected by Stratified Random Sampling. The research instrument is a researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire is in the form of 5 dimensions of academic socialization concepts and 61 items, mental health by 11 items and hope for the future by 6 items. Its formal and content validity are obtained by counseling with professionals, and its reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. Findings indicate that mental health has a significant relationship with academic socialization. The relationship between hope for the future with mental health and also academic socialization was also significant. The mediating role of hope for the future has also been minor in the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. It can be concluded that having hope for the future among students can increase their socialization by strengthening the role of mental health.
COVID-19 Crisis
E. Aghamohammadi
Abstract
The field of international health relations includes a set of international rules and regulations, governmental and non-governmental actors, international institutions, and the relationships among them that work within global health. The international health system has undergone many changes in recent ...
Read More
The field of international health relations includes a set of international rules and regulations, governmental and non-governmental actors, international institutions, and the relationships among them that work within global health. The international health system has undergone many changes in recent years, the main focus of which is the World Health Organization, which since its establishment has taken effective measures to develop and promote global health in coordination with governments. But despite changes in international health regulations and the development of international institutions, cooperation between international actors, especially governments, is challenging in some circumstances. The corona pandemic, as a major source of concern, is now exposing the international community’s fragility. Governments have shown reluctance to make decisive decisions about this crisis. This reluctance stems, on the one hand, that scientific evidence on the nature and extent of issues related to the disease remains ambiguous and controversial, and on the other hand, possible conflicts of interest have complicated the possibility of a global consensus. The question is: what has been the performance of the international health system, especially as regards international health regulations, the World Health Organization and governments, and is it worthwhile for them to deal with the Corona pandemic? The results of the present study show that despite the development of the global health system in recent years and its relative success in the face of international crises, there is a need for institutional development and strengthening of health diplomacy.
Ali Khorsandi Taskooh
Abstract
According to organizational development in interdisciplinary education in the last three decades, in addition to the expansion of interdisciplinarity in scientific and intellectual activities, now it might be said that interdisciplinarity has acquired a high status in academic structures. Reviewing literature ...
Read More
According to organizational development in interdisciplinary education in the last three decades, in addition to the expansion of interdisciplinarity in scientific and intellectual activities, now it might be said that interdisciplinarity has acquired a high status in academic structures. Reviewing literature shows that there are different types of interdisciplinary experiments; among them some are familiar to scholars, while others are somehow non-familiar. However, it does not mean that these non-familiars are useless or inappropriate. Considering that each kind of interdisciplinarity has its own approach that leads to knowing and understanding special subjects in the multifaceted interdisciplinarities, the present study attempts to explain the most important types of interdisciplinarity, and their special implications.
Gh. Behroozi Lak; M. R. Jalilvand
Abstract
Futures Studies are transdiciplinary research field that explain social phenomena and change processes, and provide a broader perspective on them. Further, it develops various fields of human activity. Futures studies thematic territory is all sectors of culture, economics, politics, technology and the ...
Read More
Futures Studies are transdiciplinary research field that explain social phenomena and change processes, and provide a broader perspective on them. Further, it develops various fields of human activity. Futures studies thematic territory is all sectors of culture, economics, politics, technology and the arts, and in the view of the changes ahead, its topics are rising. It is believed that human societies are able not to control the future, but the future is able to influence the path of history. I this study, we reviewed books and papers published in futures studies to illustrate American sutures studies movement in 1960s and 1970s. We start with World War II and Cold War. Then, organizations and future thinkers affecting futures studies would be discussed. Finally, the paradigms that have formed after World War II and the Cold War in the field of futures studies would be defined. Generally, futurists believe that so far there have been two paradigms in the evolution of futures studies and there are signs of the emergence of a new paradigm.
A. Kazemi; M. Hoseini
Abstract
In the present article the challenges of doing cultural studies, as an interdisciplinary field, have been discussed. We conducted this research through individual interviews and focused group interviews with university graduates and Iranian experts on cultural studies. First, we present the lived experiences ...
Read More
In the present article the challenges of doing cultural studies, as an interdisciplinary field, have been discussed. We conducted this research through individual interviews and focused group interviews with university graduates and Iranian experts on cultural studies. First, we present the lived experiences of cultural studies students at three universities (University of Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai University, Science and Culture University) and then, we discuss challenges and shortages of cultural studies in Iran through individual interviews with experts in this field. Finally, we discuss the future of cultural studies and examine the viewpoints obtained from these interviews.
Interdisciplinary
S. A. Nabavi
Abstract
Transition from discipline to interdisciplinary studies, in addition to epistemological plurality, signifies a kind of methodological plurality. Where the possibility of various and unspecialized perceptions is taken for granted and interdsciplinarity emerges, methods and tools are transformed as well. ...
Read More
Transition from discipline to interdisciplinary studies, in addition to epistemological plurality, signifies a kind of methodological plurality. Where the possibility of various and unspecialized perceptions is taken for granted and interdsciplinarity emerges, methods and tools are transformed as well. In this regard, interdisciplinarity involves two important changes in the system of knowledge: on the one hand, the claimed or imagined borderlines of a specific discipline or field are crossed by the concepts or variables of another discipline or field; on the other hand, the methods of research and study migrate from one discipline to another discipline. However, if these two changes do not occur based on firm foundations and predetermined criteria, they will result in mental and methodological confusion instead of effectiveness. The present article examines transition from discipline to interdisciplinary studies while taking into account the two challenges mentioned above and considering the outcomes of this transition in the scientific society of Iran.
H. Nassaj; M. Soltani
Abstract
Upheavals which occurred in western architecture in terms of different buildings, external and internal facades, decorations and garnitures, public and private spaces, materialfrom the ancient until the end of the 20th century, represent the undeniable role of politics and political thoughts in these ...
Read More
Upheavals which occurred in western architecture in terms of different buildings, external and internal facades, decorations and garnitures, public and private spaces, materialfrom the ancient until the end of the 20th century, represent the undeniable role of politics and political thoughts in these upheavals and dynamics. Accordingly, the effects of politics can be observed at different levels including the instrumental use of owners of political, economic, and religious power from architecture for expressing and representing their own power via constructing outstanding buildings such as palaces, temples, triumphal arches, and churches. In addition, the advent of new forms of public spaces, the appearance of buildings for public offerings such as exhibitions and museums and the separation of public and private spaces have been offerings of enlightenment and humanism, liberalism, and capitalism. Due to the direct intervention of governments in the domain construction because of damages caused by wars of the first half of the 20th century, more emphasis have been put on the function of buildings as spaces and places of occurring modern life and homogenous architectural style was prescribed for realizing a comprehensive international identity. At last, with the collapse of metanarrative of modernism and rise of postmodernism, pluralism, decentralization, infinity of senses, the rejection of hierarchy and flexibility in architecture of the late 20th century can be observed and investigated. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the relationship between politics and architecture in the framework of interdisciplinary studies.
Architecture
S.M. Fazelian; S.R. Eqbali
Abstract
Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a ...
Read More
Islamic architecture is considered as an important and significant historical tradition. For Iranians, this tradition is more than historical and is mentioned as a part of the identity of architecture in Islamic Iran. Many theories have tried to explain Islamic architecture but could only determine a part of its coordination possibly due to their adopted methods. These theories have lost their capability of effective application because they have neglected the practical and concrete aspects (which all can be named under the title of “lifestyle”). The goal of this article is to include the concept of lifestyle in the definition of Islamic architecture, after presenting and criticizing theories mentioned in the research literature. This article emphasizes that lifestyle is the missing element of theories on Islamic architecture and that Islamic architecture can be applicable in the social life of the Iranians by including lifestyle in its definition.
Sociology
N. Sedghi
Abstract
The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and ...
Read More
The central issue of Ashraf in reviewing Iran's history is to explain the historical obstacles of the formation of the capitalist system of the bourgeoisie and civil society. Ashraf to Description of the above problem has used the concepts of "Asian system" and "feudal system" in Marx's thoughts, and the concepts of “Patrimonialism” and “the Oriental City” in the sociology of Max Weber. As he has used the native concept of the "Muluk-al-Tawaiifi” to analyze some of the characteristics of the social and political life of the nomadic societies and their effects on social and political life of Iran. Ashraf, one of the representatives of the discourse of democratic and capitalist development pattern based on the role of the middle class or bourgeoisie. Ashraf's views on the historical barriers of Iranian society development are remarkable at three levels of political, social and economic interconnectedness. The dominance of Asian systems and the patrimonial and the Muluk al-Tawaiifi in the political arena, Nomadic, rural, and urban community associations in the social arena And the unity of the methods of agricultural production and handicrafts were the factors that Ashraf has raised as historical obstacles to the realization of feudalism and the growth of "national capitalism" in Iranian history.
Mohammad Javad Rezaei; Mahdi Movahedi Beknazar
Abstract
Economics as one of the humanities which is studying the manner of choosing and exchange of people and also the major consequences of these decisions, always will be accused by psychologists to ignore the evidences and the facts. Economics with establishing of behavioral micro-foundation and forming ...
Read More
Economics as one of the humanities which is studying the manner of choosing and exchange of people and also the major consequences of these decisions, always will be accused by psychologists to ignore the evidences and the facts. Economics with establishing of behavioral micro-foundation and forming theories based on these assumptions, claims that this scientific field is consistent. Since the unit of analysis of both these sciences is individual and his/her behavior, the interaction between economics and psychology can be used by economists to theorizing in economics. In this paper we point out deficiencies of the some economic theories in meeting the real observations and some theoretical progress towards dialogue of both sciences and we discuss the necessity and importance of interdisciplinary studies in this area. Finally a teaching and research framework will be presented with emphasis on creation of interdisciplinary studies courses.
Sociology
R. Yousefi Aghdam; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual ...
Read More
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual details) whereas for the data analysis, we applied the "thinking the way of thinking" technique (metaphorical analysis). The article is based on the fact that photography technology during the Qajar had been used as a cognitive model to describe the child and how he acquires the knowledge. The child is understood as a flexible and receptive category that records or captures their own perceptions (sensations) and hearings (movements). Seeing the child is passive and hence supervised object, and power (in the sense of fertility and the productivity of subjects) is exercised through photographic epistemology. Supervision means taking care of and controlling everything in the presence of the child; because the presence or "being in front of something" has found a theoretical meaning for children, that is, "impressionability" or imagery. The child records everything before him, like an automatic camera. The article traces the exercise of power through photographic epistemology in places where children are present (home, alleys, library and schools).
R. Afzali; M. Alavi Moghaddam; M. Firouzi Moghaddam
Abstract
In the contemporary higher education system, "interdisciplinary studies" has gained a prominent place and has become a basic need in academia and in the process of science production, which in addition to expanding knowledge and using the capacities of neighboring disciplines, opens up new frontiers ...
Read More
In the contemporary higher education system, "interdisciplinary studies" has gained a prominent place and has become a basic need in academia and in the process of science production, which in addition to expanding knowledge and using the capacities of neighboring disciplines, opens up new frontiers in the field of research, responds to solving multifaceted problems as well as avoiding crises caused by a single discipline. The purpose of this study is that looking at the visible and hidden capabilities of the two fields of legal studies and literary studies and using the scientific mechanisms of each of them, can provide a basis for researchers in these two fields to help in new scientific approaches and meet the needs of human societies. The findings of the present study, which is based on a library-based methodology and qualitative data analysis, is that interdisciplinary studies in literature and law are a social and academic necessity, and the results can be used in both the realms of literature and law. They can also be effective in spreading the level of rationality and social justice, discovering new intellectual realms, analyzing and recognizing the mistakes of the proponents of these two scientific fields, raising the level of flexibility of researchers, closing the communication gaps between the two experts.
Innovation and Technology
M. Aliei; E. Ghaderifar; M. Hoorali; F. Hamidi
Abstract
Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion ...
Read More
Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion of services and Other operations that can improve logistics costs while improving quality, customer satisfaction and gaining new customers. The most effective solution to this business dilemma is to outsource logistics services based on long-term contracts provided by a third-party logistics service provider. These companies have specialized knowledge in the field of coordination of economic resources and can create new opportunities for producers. Third-party logistics service provider is an external supplier that manages controls and executes logistics activities on behalf of the customer. In this article, the 7 main dimensions of Third-Party logistics enablers have been enumerated by reviewing the research background, textual content analysis and specialized interviews with 16 logistics industry experts using MAXQDA software, then by using DEMATEL technique based on network analysis (DANP) and performing pairwise comparisons and implementations in Excel software, these weighting enablers and the relationships between them were discovered. To collect the data, a pair of researcher-made names were used, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers are: production, technical and marketing and sales empowerment, finance, manpower and strategic empowerment, respectively.
