Morteza Derakhshan; Mohammad hosein Mottaghizade
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to suggest and apply a conceptual model which is appropriate to recognizing the effective force in economic decision making of humans. This article also illustrate that recognition of effective forces in economic decision making of human beings, is based on interdisciplinary ...
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The purpose of this article is to suggest and apply a conceptual model which is appropriate to recognizing the effective force in economic decision making of humans. This article also illustrate that recognition of effective forces in economic decision making of human beings, is based on interdisciplinary surveys. For this purpose, in this article, at first we introduce four forces namely; economic, social, psychical, and religious, and then analyze the weight of every forces and discuss the consequence of this forces with scrutiny in causality relationship between them. We use the neoclassical orthodox approach in the Keizer model to analyze the three forces and then we use the Islamic doctrine to complete imperfection of that model. Finally, the consequence of this effort is to suggest complete conceptual model in the micro and macro level that can punctiliously and truly forecast decisions of humans in economic and we can use it in the policy making in economic planning.
Political Sciences
R. Abbastabar; Kh. Mohammad hoseinpour
Abstract
This paper attempts to enter the fields of history, sociology and political sciences and finds a link between their theoretical and practical bases. Therefore, the main concern in this paper is to find the relationship between Anfal (a historical and socio-political event) and modernism (a political-philosophical ...
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This paper attempts to enter the fields of history, sociology and political sciences and finds a link between their theoretical and practical bases. Therefore, the main concern in this paper is to find the relationship between Anfal (a historical and socio-political event) and modernism (a political-philosophical concept). It attempts to find out if Anfal or the genocide of the Iraqi Kurds has any relationship with modernism and if it can be considered as a by-product of modernism. By explaining the concept of modernism and highlighting the paradoxes in it, this paper examines Anfal vs-a-vis these paradoxes. To answer research questions of the theory of modernism theory and its critical attitude one has to depend on data analysis and use of the descriptive analytical method. The hypothesis in this study is that Anfal is the product of modernism. Findings of the study show that Anfal is the product of the paradoxes in modernism and modernism while encountering Anfal has shown its dark side. Fatalism is an aspect which has developed as a result of instrumental rationality which in itself is an outcome of modernism.The instrumental rationality has brought with itbureaucracy, army and technology as a result of which government fell in the hands of the Baath Partywhich was the direct product of Anfal.
Interdisciplinary
Z. Rajabi; A. Fahiifar
Abstract
The inner connection of Persian poetry and literature with painting, which shows commonality in imagination and images, has caused these two domains to have deep attachment and provide a common language and expression to describe forms and meanings of the imaginary world. Iranian poets and painters have ...
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The inner connection of Persian poetry and literature with painting, which shows commonality in imagination and images, has caused these two domains to have deep attachment and provide a common language and expression to describe forms and meanings of the imaginary world. Iranian poets and painters have used special verbal and visual tools to convey these forms and meanings. This article, with emphasis on metaphor, discusses its role and expressive ability in poetry and painting. In the process, the paper seeks to answer: 1- What are the expressive effects of metaphor in Iranian poetry and painting? 2- How have painters used the capacity of metaphor in their visual expression? The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between the two cultural domains of Iran i.e. poetry and painting, and explain their commonalities, that is, in the world of imagination and images. Another purpose is to identify the type of metaphors and their visual kinds in paintings. This is a descriptive-analytical research in which data have been collected through library and documentation centers. The data indicate that metaphor used in Persian poetry in the form of words and sentences explicitly and implicitly transferred to Iranian painting. In other words, painters expressed these metaphors visually in the form of shapes, colors and textures and thus introduced a new visual identity to express themes.
History
M. Ansari; F. Parvaneh Asadi; M.J. Mahdavinejad
Abstract
Cultural history is an interdisciplinary approach to historiography that seeks to interact with the two main areas of the humanities i.e. history and culture. In general, existing Persian sources in the cultural history domain can be classified into two categories: a) Knowing cultural history, including: ...
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Cultural history is an interdisciplinary approach to historiography that seeks to interact with the two main areas of the humanities i.e. history and culture. In general, existing Persian sources in the cultural history domain can be classified into two categories: a) Knowing cultural history, including: history, definition, theoretical bases, theories and theorists, introducing significant works and, presenting main issues as well as their analyses and criticisms; b) Applying cultural history, including: recognizing sources, topics, methods and approaches and providing solutions. In this research, taking into account the available Persian sources, the evolution of critical studies in the field of cultural history in Iran was analyzed and with respect shortcomings in existing researches, solutions were presented in order to systematize future researches for profound understanding and growth of this trend and its application to Iranian historiography. The data show that firstly there is a temporal dispersion and secondly there is a thematic discontinuity in the publication of sources as well as in this field of knowledge, theoretical foundations, theorists and critics, their methods and examples are not fully introduced and gap of critiques and analyzes is clearly evident. The results (solutions) presented are: 1) Defining an evolutionary study; 2) Determining translation priorities; 3) Providing critique and analysis of cultural history issues; 4) Trying to create the Iranian cultural history tradition by using intra-cultural theories; and 5) Paying attention to the main features of cultural history and adhering to it, avoiding confusion of main topics of cultural history.
Communications
H. Khaniki; Z. Zardar; S. Mousavi
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the discourse on Iran’s water problem in mainstream newspapers of the 90s. To achieve this goal, critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been applied and contents of four mainstream newspapers have been reviewed over a period of nine years (between 2011 and 2020). The conceptual ...
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This paper aims to analyze the discourse on Iran’s water problem in mainstream newspapers of the 90s. To achieve this goal, critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been applied and contents of four mainstream newspapers have been reviewed over a period of nine years (between 2011 and 2020). The conceptual framework of this research is derived from development journalism and environmental journalism. Based on the findings, the dominant discourse of "Shargh" newspaper shows that macro policies and a wrong approach to development led to the water problem in Iran. This discourse emphasizes that, the solution to water problem in Iran is "changes in policies and production structures" and "adaptation to the nature". Instead, the discourse of "Iran" newspaper emphasizes that macro-structures (Iran's political economy, individualism) have led to consumerism and water crisis. "Iran" newspaper’s discourse serves to eliminate the responsibility of the government in solving the water problem. It also makes the government’s role in creating the problem invisible. In the discourse of "Donyaye Eghtesad" newspaper, multiple factors (water ownership system, politicians, people and officials) have created water problem. Raising water price is the solution this newspaper offers to resolve the crisis. "Kayhan" yet another newspaper skip over the discourse on the water crisis. Therefore, in the discursive formation of "Iran" and "Kayhan" newspapers, water problem is not due to the policies and power relations. This kind of discursive formation can be considered as a result of development journalism.
Social Sciences
M. Azadi; Gh. Azari; M. Iraji
Abstract
Deceptive social behavior undermines interpersonal trust and threatens healthy social interactions at various levels. Academic deceit is also among the common unethical behaviors in educational institutions, which has significantly increased with the technological development. In this article, taking ...
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Deceptive social behavior undermines interpersonal trust and threatens healthy social interactions at various levels. Academic deceit is also among the common unethical behaviors in educational institutions, which has significantly increased with the technological development. In this article, taking an applied approach, deception in a linguistic sociological context is analyzed as an interdisciplinary subject. The analysis of phenomena from an interdisciplinary perspective allows for a better understanding and conditions for problem-solving. The study conducted in a social context within the second-grade girls' high schools in Tehran aims to achieve two main goals: 1- Identify the reasons for academic deception. 2- Examine the role of influential factors in shaping the discourse of deception and find ways to overcome it. A total of 233 students aged 15 to 17, who had experienced being in a deceptive situation, were selected. The samples had similar characteristics such as gender, occupation, educational level, and specific residential area. The research tool is a 30-item questionnaire constructed by the researcher about academic deception, validated based on the seven-point Likert scale and the Academic Deception Questionnaire by Fornes and colleagues (2011). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software. The research focuses on online classes, assignment submissions, and examinations. The research tools include two scales of academic duty-ethics and academic deception in the virtual space. The results analysis based on the Pearson correlation coefficient indicates a significant negative relationship between academic duty-ethics and academic deception. Considering this result, intervention and educational efforts to increase the ethical commitment of learners seem to be effective in reducing deceptive behaviors. These findings provide valuable information for educational stakeholders whose goal is to reduce deception in academic environments and offer important implications for the ethical education of learners.
Innovation and Technology
M.E. Zandi; M.S. Khayatian Yazdi; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify innovation capacity in Information and communication technology-based firms. In this descriptive and analytical study, the research method was quantitative-qualitative, which was performed in two parts. The first part was done qualitatively through a literature ...
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The purpose of this study was to identify innovation capacity in Information and communication technology-based firms. In this descriptive and analytical study, the research method was quantitative-qualitative, which was performed in two parts. The first part was done qualitatively through a literature review and interviews with nine policy makers, experts, and managers of companies in the field of information and communication technology. In the second part, the model obtained from the previous stage was surveyed by distributing a questionnaire among 275 companies active in this field to assess the validity of the proposed model. In this research, the most important organizational factors affecting innovation capacity were collaboration and communication, resources of the idea, individual factors, organizational culture, strategies and technology management, knowledge management and organizational learning, and allocation of resources to innovation. In addition, the environmental factors affecting the innovation capacity were respectively institutional support, macroeconomic factors, and the firm location. The innovation outcomes, market outcomes, financial outcomes, and human outcomes were also the most important indicators of innovation capacity measurement. Additionally, environmental factors in promoting the innovation capacity of ICT firms were more important than organizational factors. The reason for this significance seems to be the high impacts of economic growth, stability, competitiveness, and government support for innovation on ICT NTBFs.
S. M. Alavipoor
Abstract
From the dawn of its history, cinema has been considered as a phenomenon in which different thoughts, among them the political, could be addressed. Indeed, many film-makers have presented various aspects of political norms and the good order of society through movies. However, this combination of the ...
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From the dawn of its history, cinema has been considered as a phenomenon in which different thoughts, among them the political, could be addressed. Indeed, many film-makers have presented various aspects of political norms and the good order of society through movies. However, this combination of the idea and image has been addressed in different ways and among others, as seems, the historical narrative has the potentiality to convey critical and normal political ideas in cinema. Exploring different types of representing the political thought in cinematic historical narratives, the present study attempts to identify cinema’s interdisciplinary potential as a conjuncture for the disciplines of history and political thought.
N. Tajik Neshatiyeh
Abstract
The examination and interpretation of “Mirrors for Prince”, with regard to their historical context, necessitates an interdisciplinary study. With respect to the intertwinement of political thought and history, the mirrors for prince, as the most powerful current of political thought in the ...
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The examination and interpretation of “Mirrors for Prince”, with regard to their historical context, necessitates an interdisciplinary study. With respect to the intertwinement of political thought and history, the mirrors for prince, as the most powerful current of political thought in the history of Iran, have normally been good sources for assessing the relationship between politics and ethics in different historical eras. Akhlaq-e- Mohseni, written by Hossein Va’izi Kashefi, as a important example in this genre, shows the relationship between politics, power and ethic in the critical Mongolian-Turkish era. In an era in which the practices of rulers had led to a critical situation, Kashefi, as an important figure in the Iranian intellectual tradition, recommends ethical politics and considers legitimacy and durability of ruling dependent on ethical principles. Thus, governance is defined based on principles such as justice and piety. In Akhlaq-e Mohseni these principles, which are based on ethics, are not complicated and have been approved of by different people with different ideas and religions in different eras and places. These principles highlight a common set of ethics that could satisfy the need of Kashefi’s era for justice and prosperity without ethnic-religious prejudices.
Communications
H. Khaniki; Y. Khojir
Abstract
This research aimed at analyzing research on "social media and political participation" in two levels of external and internal research, first of all, to examine the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and then compare them. In this meta-analysis, 17 research (9 external and 8 internal) were studied ...
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This research aimed at analyzing research on "social media and political participation" in two levels of external and internal research, first of all, to examine the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and then compare them. In this meta-analysis, 17 research (9 external and 8 internal) were studied in three theoretical sections (4 criteria), a method (10 criteria) and a cognitive (2) criterion. The meta-analysis shows that the most important strengths of research, the diversity of theoretical approaches, the use of the integrated theoretical framework, the diversity of the statistical society, the variety of sample selection methods, the use of various statistical tests, and, at the same time, with high statistical power, attention The level of micro analysis, diversity in the social media, and attention to the various impacts in the results section And the weaknesses of the researches, the use of some unrelated theoretical approaches and approaches in theoretical foundations, the weak use of the theoretical frameworks defined in the analysis of the findings, the inability to explain the dimensions of political participation in the theoretical discussions, the overcoming of the proof paradigm And the method of scrolling, the inability to use qualitative and combination methods, the lack of consideration of tool validity, the lack of use of statistical tests to determine the normality of the sample size for measuring parametric tests, the disability in indexing From political participation in the questionnaire and achieving contradictory results in the discussion of the type of effect.
Architecture
H. Rahmani; M.R. Pourzargar; B. Mansouri
Abstract
The contemporary architectural knowledge is affected by the dominance of centrist hegemonies as well as the swarm of information technology that have captured the human soul and consequently led to the crystallization of new forms of individual creations other than the actual creativity. This study aims ...
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The contemporary architectural knowledge is affected by the dominance of centrist hegemonies as well as the swarm of information technology that have captured the human soul and consequently led to the crystallization of new forms of individual creations other than the actual creativity. This study aims at changing the learning process of human architect by freeing the mind from the accumulated information and reading of effective teachings handed down through human lived experiences that embrace spirit and emotions. This study has been carried out through a documentary research method to identify the relationship of humans with the environment and examine the works of phenomenologists in the domains of human, mind and imagination as well as the within-border roots contributing to connect humans with native phenomenon such as literature. Going through ontology and Axialism attitudes, we could infer the lost facets of “how to become human”. The intellectual-philosophical movement of phenomenology, which emerged at the dawn of the twentieth century, considered lived experience as the basis of ontology. Thereafter, it was rerouted from pure philosophy to the realm of “thought” hence, it found its way into schools of architecture by establishing a multi-faceted link between disciplines and lived experiences. The findings revealed the self-discovered process of “human architect” in acquiring experiences toward creating human architectural phenomena. This was studied from two aspects: reading rich sources and within-border roots; and learning of “how to think” as a universal viewpoint. The reading of Hafez’s poetry and his lived experience in the process of learning architecture contributes to self-discovery and mental purification and human, in this way, gains consciousness.
S. Absalan
Abstract
This research attempts to study how the discourse of education became problematic in Iran. Apart from investigating the conflicts over such a problem, we will face a consequent question: when the educational system came to be a problem and an object of though? Such a question is the result of a different ...
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This research attempts to study how the discourse of education became problematic in Iran. Apart from investigating the conflicts over such a problem, we will face a consequent question: when the educational system came to be a problem and an object of though? Such a question is the result of a different view toward the history of Iranian education. Up to now, such a history has been impacted by traditional historiography in which the researcher focuses on the role of fundamental structures, development-driven conception, and originality of the role of specific subjects. In this article we move from that traditional approach and rely on Foucaultian historiographical approach to the appearance of the discourse of new education and its related conflicts. Findings of this research show that the break in traditional educational system is neither the result of any specific subject nor it can be explained in any metahistorical framework. The main cause was the coincidence and co-occurrence of some events in history of Iran. Such a Coincidence of events and the inability of the old discourse to explain the new conditions led to the formation a new discourse that went on to be based on new western sciences, technology and rationality instead of following the old discursive order. All these conditions made the education a problematic object in Iran and led to considerable changes and conflicts around the sciences and educational institutes.
Innovation and Technology
P. Tolouei; F. Babaei Samiromi; R. Arjmandi; A.M. Amir Hesam Hassani; R. Azizinejad
Abstract
What is being discussed today in the world of city management is the resilience of cities, which is very important because it can easily affect the life and durability of a city. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the basis for quality management of cities for future generations, following the increase ...
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What is being discussed today in the world of city management is the resilience of cities, which is very important because it can easily affect the life and durability of a city. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the basis for quality management of cities for future generations, following the increase in the capacity and capacity of urban settlements and their resilience. This research has been done with the aim of designing a resilience model with a value creation approach in urban management. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection. In this study, the statistical population of university experts and municipal managers in the field of urban management in Tehran were considered. Snowball method was used to select the sample in the qualitative stage. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors, experts and thinkers. The results show that four economic, social, institutional and physical-spatial factors play an effective role. It is suggested that the dimensions of the model's structure be investigated as a moderating factor in organizations and the effect of changes in physical-spatial environment on the resilience management model in other organizations be measured and compared with the present study. From previous research and documentary studies, a suitable basic framework for this research should be created.
Architecture
H. Pirbabaei; M. Gharehbaglou; M.A. Kaymejad
Abstract
Architecture, as a knowledge that provides a suitable space for human life, is so intertwined with the various dimensions of human existence that any creativity in it due to its vastness and complexity, inevitably pay attention to a wide range of disciplines and fields of knowledge. Thus, creativity ...
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Architecture, as a knowledge that provides a suitable space for human life, is so intertwined with the various dimensions of human existence that any creativity in it due to its vastness and complexity, inevitably pay attention to a wide range of disciplines and fields of knowledge. Thus, creativity in architecture is inherently an interdisciplinary category, and any analysis and evaluation will be inefficient and ineffective without considering this feature. This descriptive-analytical research aims to provide an interdisciplinary model for measuring the architectural creativity using the logical reasoning process. According to its findings, measuring the creativity of architecture with an interdisciplinary approach is the application of different sciences to achieve an integrated knowledge in order to evaluate the novelty of solutions offered by architecture to meet different human needs to live in that space. Accordingly, creativity has two basic dimensions of innovation and usefulness. According to the model proposed in this article, in order to measure architectural creativity, first the human needs and desires of an architecture with a specific use should be determined, then the level of satisfaction with its responses should be measured according to the needs. In the next stage, architectural innovation is evaluated to meet these needs in a 7-step range of materials used (minimum innovation) to create a new function (maximum innovation).
Philosophy
M.R. Amiri Tehrani
Abstract
The individual-community relationship has always been one of the most fundamental topics of social sciences. In sociology, this is known as the micro-macro relationship while in economics it refers to the processes, through which, individual actions lead to macroeconomic phenomena. Based on philosophical ...
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The individual-community relationship has always been one of the most fundamental topics of social sciences. In sociology, this is known as the micro-macro relationship while in economics it refers to the processes, through which, individual actions lead to macroeconomic phenomena. Based on philosophical discourse and systems theory, many sociologists even use the term "emergence" in their understanding of micro-macro relationship, which refers to collective phenomena that are created by the cooperation of individuals, but cannot be reduced to individual actions. "Emergence" theories attempt to explain the nature of society as a complex system by examining how individuals and their relationships lead to the creation of integrated and macro-social phenomena such as markets, educational systems, cultural beliefs, and shared social practices. As a prelude to activity, every researcher has to answer the question from the methodological point of view, how is it possible to study the behavior of social groups and how can we gain knowledge about the laws related to social groups? Anyone who deals with humanities and social sciences or any reality and phenomenon that affects human beings, inevitably deals with the reality that is emerging. In fact, emergence occurs when one level of reality emerges radically from another level. Examples of emergent levels of reality include how the mind emerges from the body; or the way society emerges from human beings. Therefore, when there is an emerging factor, different scientific disciplines should be used, because it is inevitable to talk about social affairs, psychology and neurobiology, as well as physical and even chemical.
Cultural Studies
A. Heydari; A. Khodaei
Abstract
Our concern is with the image of the west in the first Iranian travelogues. How Elements which shape the west image in these travelogues are assembled? Where is their origin? How they interact with each other and were narrated? The contemporary image of the west is an over-determined and dreamlike image-narration. ...
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Our concern is with the image of the west in the first Iranian travelogues. How Elements which shape the west image in these travelogues are assembled? Where is their origin? How they interact with each other and were narrated? The contemporary image of the west is an over-determined and dreamlike image-narration. By relying on concepts such as over determination, different histories, elements, and moments, we try to suggest an interpretation about the structure of west narration in primary Iranian travelogues. Our research suggests the idea of the west, in mystical and Sufi doctrine, represents a sequence of association: material-body-darkness-descend-temptation-guilt-accident. The idea of the east associates the opposite side of sequence: sprit-gust-light-ascend-certainty-virtue-essence. These sequences of associations are preconditions of visibility which the first travelogues experience the geopolitical west. Our research about the origins of the narrative structure of travelogues about the west suggests that synthesis of the colonial and the mystical thoughts create a special narration about the east-west relation. East is the ascending arc and west is the descending arc. This image of east-west relation is one of the main assumptions of orientalism.
COVID-19 Crisis
M. Shafiee Seifabadi; A. Bagheri Dolatabadi
Abstract
In the pandemic of COVID-19, we are facing a social crisis that affects all aspects of human life. Understanding the dimensions of this transformation requires the use of a conceptual framework or an Interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to understand the effects ...
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In the pandemic of COVID-19, we are facing a social crisis that affects all aspects of human life. Understanding the dimensions of this transformation requires the use of a conceptual framework or an Interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to understand the effects and realities of the COVID-19 crisis based on Niklas Luhmann's theory of social systems with using library study and descriptive-analytical method. The question is, "What aspects of human life were affected by the COVID-19 crisis and what realities does it involve? ''The hypothesis tested is that "the Coronavirus crisis can be examined at three levels: interactive, organizational, and comprehensive, and can be understood in subsystems such as law, science, religion, politics, economics, and education''. The results of the research show that changing the approach in the context of the social interaction system caused a fundamental change in people's daily interactions. In the organizational system, some organizations benefited and some suffered, and the organizational action of some institutions was dragged into the houses. The comprehensive system, which includes six sections, also experienced significant changes in the economic field, the emergence of new laws in many aspects of citizens' lives, a profound change in religious beliefs, a change in teaching methods, special attention to the experimental sciences and centralism in the political subsystem.
Fariborz Moharamkhani
Abstract
Brian Fey, divides concepts into three categories; first, concepts which we use in thinking, second, concepts which we think about, and third, concept by which we think,. According to this categories, "social imaginary" would be in third category. it means that there is fixed cultural element within ...
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Brian Fey, divides concepts into three categories; first, concepts which we use in thinking, second, concepts which we think about, and third, concept by which we think,. According to this categories, "social imaginary" would be in third category. it means that there is fixed cultural element within each nation which confronting new developments, it affects them. "Social imaginary" is the main concept of Debry’s theory of mediology. this review tries to show that this concept is an interdisciplinary concept of Althusser’s Marxism structural theory and Jung’s unconscious theory, by using the metatheory. This methodology would help us to know more deeply about a theory. The consequence is that "social imaginary" is a synthesis of political and psychological theory developed in France.
Reza Ali Karami; Mohammad Keshavarzi
Abstract
Future study is a new interdisciplinary science that is classifying in part of the science and technology applications. Future study have introduced as a science and art of discovering and shaping the future. Till now future studies in various field soft technologies, economics, politics, and other various ...
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Future study is a new interdisciplinary science that is classifying in part of the science and technology applications. Future study have introduced as a science and art of discovering and shaping the future. Till now future studies in various field soft technologies, economics, politics, and other various methods and experts have been identified and presented many trends in the relevant fields. On the other hand changes in the world are so fastso homologize with it, is so difficult. This retrospect sometimes leads to and looking away from the present and future and puts jurisprudence inthepassiveposition.That iswhyallourefforts aremaking theFutureelement in to the fight that decision makers of jurisprudence field would have preemptive deal with future changes. With this assumption in this paper we tried to combine the interdisciplinary science with the jurisprudence, and made its concepts and methods Conceptualization and equivalent generally. The researchinthis paperisdescriptive.
Saeed Zarghami
Abstract
This study aims to review the nature of knowledge and analyze necessity of interdisciplinary studies from the viewpoint of Derrida, who represents postmodern philosophy, to compare credibility of his thoughts with some prominent philosophers of science. Derrida maintained that such fields as philosophy, ...
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This study aims to review the nature of knowledge and analyze necessity of interdisciplinary studies from the viewpoint of Derrida, who represents postmodern philosophy, to compare credibility of his thoughts with some prominent philosophers of science. Derrida maintained that such fields as philosophy, mathematics and logics have been introduced in the West as rational fields while literature, poetry, and arts have been considered irrational and marginalized. He concludes that various fields of knowledge such as philosophy, literature and even modern sciences are manifestations of different linguistic systems and since language is metaphorical, interpretational, historical, and changeable, different fields of knowledge do not reflect the realities, but are metaphorical. Therefore, none of them is superior to others, but they are intermingled and there is no sharp line among them. A review of ideas of such philosophers as Cohen, la Catouche, and Feierabend would confirm postmodern claims of Derrida. In view of research results; designing knowledge on the basis of horizontal, rather than vertical, relations; interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary design; and designing knowledge based on subjects rather than courses has been proposed to specialists and policymakers.
Firoze Asghari; Bahman Zandi
Abstract
Relationship among different sciences to respond to specific questions that a science can not solve alone, pushes the scientific world to the emergencing of new interdisciplinary courses .As a result, Linguistics as a science that studies about language(which is a complex human, social and cognitive ...
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Relationship among different sciences to respond to specific questions that a science can not solve alone, pushes the scientific world to the emergencing of new interdisciplinary courses .As a result, Linguistics as a science that studies about language(which is a complex human, social and cognitive phenomenon) needs other related sciences .Today too much attention to areas such as Neurolinguistics , Psycholinguistics,Sociolinguistics, Educational linguistics,Computational linguistics and Forensic Linguistics shows developing of interdisciplinary studies. Neurolinguistics, which is the main point of this paper, is a branch of macro linguistics which emerged not more than a few decades ago. The main theme of this science is the relationship between language and human brain mechanisms. The main questions that Neurolinguistics tries to answer are as follow: How is language learned, processed and represented in the brain? In fact, Neurolinguistics wants to find more information about the biological organization of the first and second language function .On the other hand, it tries to solve the problem of thousands of patients around the world suffering from aphasia which neither Neurology nor linguistics is able to treat on its own. The first part of this paper deals with the history of Neurolinguistics and the main theories on relationship between language and brain. The second refers to categorization of different Aphasia and the last part will briefly discuss language learning and biligualism.
Mahdi Fatehrad; Mohammad Reza Jalilvand; Monireh Mohammadzade
Abstract
Purpose, although literature has focused on explaining theoretical background in the area of interdisciplinary studies, a few empirical studies has paid attention to the main reasons of performing interdisciplinary projects. To fill the research gap, current study tries to identify challenges and motivations ...
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Purpose, although literature has focused on explaining theoretical background in the area of interdisciplinary studies, a few empirical studies has paid attention to the main reasons of performing interdisciplinary projects. To fill the research gap, current study tries to identify challenges and motivations of interdisciplinary studies for researchers to participate in interdisciplinary projects. The main purposes of the research are: 1) identifying the challenges and motivations of interdisciplinary studies implying on interdisciplinary methodology, 2) determining the degree of importance of the above elements regarding interdisciplinary studies. Methodology, current study is an exploratory in terms of methodology, descriptive in terms of research design, and development in terms of purpose. This study employing an interdisciplinary team firstly investigated theoretical background and prior research on interdisciplinary studies, identified challenges and motivations of the studies. Secondly, a structured interview performed with five interdisciplinary researchers. To investigate the identified elements empirically, a self-administrated questionnaire was used based on the literature and interviews. The questionnaire was distributed among 64 researchers from different disciplines who had experienced interdisciplinary activities. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using LISREL and SPSS. Results indicated that recognized motivations except for public learning and satisfying psychological needs, and identified challenges have considerable effect on performing interdisciplinary studies.
Faez Dinparast; Ali Saeei
Abstract
The subject of this paper is reconstruction of public choice theory. The public choice theory, as the theoretical basis of modern political economy, has been criticized from different perspectives. This paper aims to find a way to redress the methodological defects of this theory by putting the public ...
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The subject of this paper is reconstruction of public choice theory. The public choice theory, as the theoretical basis of modern political economy, has been criticized from different perspectives. This paper aims to find a way to redress the methodological defects of this theory by putting the public choice theory in a structural background. In this paper, we have tried to introduce a combined theoretical system which is the result of the rational reconstruction of the public choice theory in Jessop’s strategic-relational theory from the critical realistic approach.
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi; Amir Hossein Kayzouri
Abstract
Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic ...
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Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic components and principles of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences are identified. Accordingly, appropriate factors, criteria and indicators are developed. The statistical population of the research consists of documents in accessible databases and the research sample is specified through purposeful sampling method. The results indicate that the evaluation of academic interdisciplinary sciences should include five conceptual dimensions: multi-faceted issues, interdisciplinary insights, adhering to integrative process, Interdisciplinary understanding and interdisciplinary structure. Meanwhile it should also pay attention to five main factors: objectives, curriculum, teaching- learning process, faculty and management. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the quality of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences, 5 factors, 14 criteria and 59 indicators are identified and designed in this study.
Saied manaf Hashemi; Mohammad hossein Boochani
Abstract
To achieve the progress and sustainable development its inevitable and necessary to pay attention to the local needs, decentralization, good governance, downsizing of government structures, adjustment of concentrated governance structures, division of national and local work and pay attention to the ...
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To achieve the progress and sustainable development its inevitable and necessary to pay attention to the local needs, decentralization, good governance, downsizing of government structures, adjustment of concentrated governance structures, division of national and local work and pay attention to the spatial rights. The current conditions of globalization have a strong convergence in one hand to the localization and on the other hand to the massive urbanization. Although the local management in Iran focusing on municipals have more than a hundred years precedent, but because of the political and institutional structure facing the government and parliament, and the reliance on oil revenues, has been instituted a centralized structure in management of country that conflicted with regional sustainable development and also regional and local governance and constitution. Continuing of this situation cause to major problems for the country and challenges for gaining sustainable development. This paper try to show and introducing the “decentralization as a basic model” to gaining to the comprehensive development; in the other words, decentralization as a development is the fundamental accepted model and on the base of this model we need to reorganizing the structures of executive and legislative in Iran. Methodology in this research is analytical, the needed data and information has gathered by documentary methods and elite meeting. The result of this research shows that there is the context of this paradigm and proposed model (decentralization as a basic model) But the development-oriented political believe and determination and foresight necessary to achieve optimal horizon. The realization of this model requires extensive structural and institutional changes in the governance of the country and this will not be achieved without political will and belief.
