Document Type : Original Research Paper

Author

Assistant professor of computer usage in language teaching, Department of English Language, University of Al-Zahra, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

One of major concerns of human beings regardless of their religion or school of thought is to observe ethical issues. This paper discusses the issue and lays emphasis on observing ethical matters in teaching in virtual learning environments in general and computer assisted language learning in particular. The paper tries to throw light on the current status of observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments and drawing both instructors and students’ attention to this issue. The research has been conducted by using two questionnaires one given to students and the other to instructors. Data analysis revealed that majority of instructors observed ethical issues when confronted with students’ personal details. Students were most sensitive regarding disclosing their personal photos in these virtual environments; however, they were comfortable if their personal details were controlled by the instructors. The Chi-Square test showed no substantial difference between gender and observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments. 

Highlights

Computer assisted language learning instructors observed ethical issues when confronted with students’ personal data in virtual learning environments.

Students in these virtual learning environments were most sensitive toward disclosing their personal photos.

Students were not concerned regarding checking their personal information by instructors.

There was no statistically significant difference between gender and observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Adair-Toteff, C. (2005). Max Weber’s charisma. Journal of Classical Sociology, 5(2), 189-204.
Al-Tha’ālibi, A. (1386/1989). Tārix-e Al-Tha’ālibi [History of Al-Tha’aleibi] (M. Fazaeli, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Noghre.
Amuzegar, Zh., Haririan, M., Malek Shahmirzad, S., & Mirsaeidi, N. (1382/2003). Tārix-e Irān-e bāstān [The history of ancient Iran] (Vol. 1; 3rd ed.). Tehran, Iran: Samt.
Aron, R. (1364/1985). ‌Marāhel-e asāsi-ye andiše dar jāme’ešenāsi [Les etapes da la pensee sociologique] (B. Parham, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Entešārāt-e Elmi Farhangi. 
Arrajani, F. (1385/2006). Samak-e ayyār (8th ed.; P. Natel Khanlari, (Ed.). Tehran, Iran: Āgāh.
Azad Armaki, T. (1387/2008). Dar jost-o-ju-ye charisma: Charisma barāye dowrān-e gozār [In search for charisma: Charisma for the transition period]. Journal of Šahrvand-e Emruz, 49.
Bal’ami, A. M. (1385/2006). Tārix-e Bal’ami [The History of Bal’ami] (3rd ed.). In M. T. Bahar, & M. Parvin Gonabadi, (Eds.). Tehran, Iran: Zavvār.
Bashirieh, H. (1382/2003). Enqelāb va basij-e ejtemā’i [Revolution and social mobilization]. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Press.
Bendix, R. (1382/2003). Simā-ye Max Weber [Max Weber: An inteleectual portrait]‬‭‭ (M. Rambod, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Hermes‬‬‬‬‬‬‬.
Biruni, A. (1352/1973). Āsār al-bāqiyah ani l-qurun al-Xāliyah [The remaining signs of past centuries] (A. DanaSeresht, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Ebnesina Publication.
Blake, S. P. (1979). The patrimonial-bureaucratic empire of the Mughals. Journal of Asian Studies, 39(1), 77-94.
Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Pillai, R. (2005). Crisis and Charisma in the California Recall Election. Leadership, 1(3), 323-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715005054440
Bosworth, F. & et. al (1380/2001). Tārix-e Iran Cambridge [The Cambridge history of Iran] (4th ed.; H. Anusheh, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Amir Kabir.
Bryman, A. )1992). Charisma and leadership in organization. London: Sage Publications.
Chang, M. G. (2007). A court on horseback imperial touring & the construction of Qing Rule: 1680–1785. Cambridge (Mass.) and London: Harvard University Asia Center. 
Christensen, A. E. (1380/2001). Iran dar zamān-e Sasanian [Iran sous les Sassanides] (2nd ed.; R. Yasami, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Sedā-ye Mo’āser.
Coser, L. A., & Rosenberg, B. (1383/2004). Nazariyehā-ye bonyādi-ye jāme’ešenāsi [Sociological theory: A book of reading]‬ (F. Ershad, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Ney.
Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana (1369/1990). Kārnāme-ye Ardeshir Babakan [Karnamei Artakhshir i Papakan] (Gh. Hashemi, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Markaz.
Doostkhah, J. (Ed.). (1388/2009). Avestā (Vol. 1; 14th ed.). Tehran, Iran: Morvārid.
Esfahani, H. (1349/1967). Tārix-e payāmbarān va šāhān [The history of prophets and kings] (J. Sho’ār, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Našr-e Bonyād-e Farhang-e Iran/Iranian Culture Foundation.
Freund, J. (1383/2004). Jāme’ešenāsi-ye Max Weber [Sociologie de Max Weber‬] (A. Nik Gohar, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Nikān.
Gardizi, A. (1363/1984). Tārix-e Gardizi [History of Gardrizi]. In A. Habibi, (Ed.), Tehran, Iran: Donyā-ye Ketāb.
Gerth. H., & Mills. C. W. (1953). Character and social structure. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & Co.
Gholizadeh, Kh. (1387/2008). Farhang-e asātir-e Irāni bar pāye-ye motun-e Pahlavi [Iranian mythology culture based on Pahlavi texts]. Tehran, Iran: Našr-e Ketāb-e Pārse.
Ghuchani, M. ( Jun. 19, 2005). Zarurat-e ra’y be Hashemi Rafsanjani [The necessity of vote to Hashemi Rafsanjani]. Cited in: http://news.gooya.com/president84/archives/031393.php.
Giddens, A. (1381/2002). Siyāsat, jāme’ešenāsi va nazariye-ye ejtemā’i[Politiecs, sociology and social theory: Encounters with classical and contemporary social thought] (M. Saburi, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Ney. 
Hamedani, A. (1349/1970). Tarjome-ye moxtasar al-baladān [Short translation of Albaladan] (H. Masoud, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Našr-e Bonyād-e Farhang-e Iran/Iran Culture Foundation.
Hava, D., & Kwok-bun, C. (2012). Charismatic leadership in Singapore. New York: Springer Science.
Hazeri, A. M. (1380/2001). Enqelāb va andiše [Revolution and thought]. Tehran, Iran: Pažuheškade-ye Imam Khomeini/Research Institute of Imam Khomeini.
Herodotus (1350/1971). Tārix-e Herodot [The histories of Herodot] (V. Mazandarani, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Bongāh-e Tarjome va Našr-e Ketāb/Institute of Translation and Book.
Hinnells, J. R. (1371/1992). Šenāxt-e asātir-e Iran [Persian mythology]‬ (Zh. Amuzegar, & A. Tafazzoli, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Češme. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795X05053491 
Ibn Isfandiyar, B. M. (1389/2010). Tārix-e Tabarestan [History of Tabarestan] (Vol. 1; A. Eghbal Ashtiani & M. Ramezani, (Eds.). Tehran, Iran: Asātir.
Ibn Khaldun (1363/1984). Tārix-e Ibn Khaldun [History of Ibn-e Khadun] (Vol. 1; A. Ayati, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Mo’assese-ye Motāle’āt va Tahqiqāt-e Farhangi/Institute of Cultural Researches and Studies. 
Jalaee Poor, H. R. (1381/2002). Jāme’ešenāsi-ye jonbešhā-ye ejtemā’i [Social movement sociology]. Tehran, Iran: Tarh-e Now
Jalaee Poor, H. R. (Nov. 8, 2001). Charisma hamiše māndegār nist pažmorde ham mišavad [Charisma is not always persistent but it also fades] [News article]. Ruznāme-ye Iran/Iran Newspaper, 1959. 
Jalaee Poor, H. R., & Fooladian, M. (1387/2008). Šarāyet-e šeklgiri yā oful-e rahbari-ye charismatic [Charismatic leadership decline or formation conditions]. Pažuhešnāme-ye Olum-e Siyāsi/Iranian Political Science Association, 3(4), 7- 31.
Kane, A. (1991). Analytic and concrete forms of the autonomy of culture. Sociological Theory, 9, 53-69.
Katoozian, H. (1377/1998). Farrah-e izadi va haqq-e elāhi-ye pādešāhān [Divine glory and Divine right of kings]. Faslnāme-ye Ettelā’āt-e Siyāsi - Eqtesādi/Economic-political information quarterly, 129 & 130, 4-19. 
Katoozian, H. (1392/2013). Irāniyān: Dowrān-e bāstān tā dowrān-e mo’āser [The Persians: Ancient, mediaeval, and modern Iran] (H. Shahidi, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Markaz.
Kuyaji, J. (1371/1992). Pažuhešhāyi dar šāhnāme [Researches in Shahnameh] (J. Doostkhah, (Ed.). Tehran, Iran: Ahmadi Publication.
Manouchehri, A. (1375/1996). Mabāni-ye andiše-ye enteqādi-ye Max Weber [Max Weber critical thought foundations]. Faslnāme-ye Ettelā’āt-e Siyāsi – Eqtesādi/Journal of Economic Political Information, 103-104, 24-32.
Merolla , J. L., Ramos, J. M., & Zechmeister, E. J. (2007). Crisis, charisma, and consequences: Evidence from the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election. The Journal of Politics, 69(1), 30-42.
Mohammadi, Z., & Bitarafan, M. (1391/2012). Enteqāl va tahavvol-e andiše-ye siyāsi-ye farrah-e izadi az Irān-e bāstān be Irān-e Eslāmi [Transference and changes of political thought of divine charisma since ancient Iran till Islamic Iran]. Faslnāme-ye Soxan-e Tārix/Sokhan-e Tarikh quarterly, 6(16), 3-36.
Mostofi, H. (1362/1983). Tārix-e gozide [Selected history] (2nd ed.; A. Navaee, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Amir Kabir.
Nafisi, S. (1388/2009). Tārix-e tamaddon-e Irān-e Sasani [Sassanid Iran history of civilization]. Tehran, Iran: Našr-e Ketāb-e Pārse.
Parkin, F.‬ (1384/2005). Max Weber (Sh. Mosama Parast, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Qoqnoos.
Pir Nazar, N. (1382/2003). Moqāyese-ye «farrah-e izadi» bā «eltefāt-e elāhi» dar adabiyāt-e fārsyahud [The comparison of divine glory and divine favors in Judeo-Persian literature]. Irānšenāsi/Journal of Iran Studies, 57, 111-124
Poor Davood, E. (1356/1977). Yašthā [Yashts] (3rd ed.). In B. Farreh Vashi (Ed.). Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Press.
Rahmat Allahi, H. (1382/2003). Mašru’iyyat-e hokumat az didgāh-e Eslām va Max Weber [Government legitimation from the perspective of Islam and Max Weber]. Andišehā-ye Hoquqi/Journal of Legal Thoughts, 5, 137-170.
Rajaee, F. (1372/1993). Andiše-ye siyāsi dar šarq-e bāstān [Political thought in ancient East]. Tehran, Iran: Ghoomes.
Razi, H. (1380/2001). Avestā, kohantarin ganjine-ye Irān-e bāstān [Avesta, the oldest treasure of ancient Iran]. Tehran, Iran: Behjat.
Sadri, M. (1375/1996). Tahlil-e jāme’ešenāxti-ye Farrah-e izadi dar šāhnāme [Sociological analysis of divine glory in Shahname]. Majalle-ye Kiān/Journal of Kian, 29, 54-57.
Safa, Z. (1346/1967). Āyin-e šāhanšāhi-ye Iran [Imperial Iranian rituals]. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Press.
Safa, Z. (1352/1974). Xolāse-ye tārix-e siyāsi va ejtemā’i va farhangi-ye Iran tā pāyān-e ahd-e Safavi [A summary of Iran cultural, social and political history until the end of Safavid dynasty]. Tehran, Iran: Amir Kabir.
Servatian, B. (1350/1971). Barresi-ye farr dar šāhnāme-ye Ferdowsi [Divine glory in Ferdowsi Shahnameh] (1st ed.). Tabriz, Iran: Entešārāt-e Mo’assese-ye Tārix va Farhang-e Iran/Iranian Institute for culture and history.
Sheikhavandi, D. (1370/1991). Negareši enteqādi be nazariye-ye solte-ye kārizmāyi-ye Max Weber [Critical attitude toward Max Weber charismatic dominant theory]. Faslnāme-ye Olum-e Ejtemā’i/Journal of Social Sciences, 1 & 2, 235-253.
Shojaee Zand, A. R. (1388/2009). Takāpuhā-ye din-e siyāsi; Jastārhāyi dar jāme’ešenāsi-ye siyāsi-ye Iran [Political religion bustles; Queries in Iran political sociology]. Tehran, Iran: Bāz.
Soodavar, A. (1383/2004). Farrah-e izadi dar āyin-e pādešāhi [Divine glory in Monarchical tradition]. Tehran, Iran: Mirak. 
Thomas, E., & Dow, J. (1969). The theory of charisma. The Sociological Quarterly, 10(3), 306-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1969.tb01294.x
Turner, B. (1379/2000). Max Weber va Eslām [Max Weber and Islam] (S. Vesali, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Ruzafzun
Turner, S., & Factor, R. (1994). Max Weber: The lawyer as social thinrer. London: Routledge.
Weber, M. (1374/1995). Eqtesād va jāme’e [Economy and society] (A. Manouchehri, M. Torabinezhad, & M. Emadzadeh, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Molā.
Weber, M. (1382/2003). Din, qodrat, jāme’e [Religion, Power and Society] (A. Tadayyon, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Hermes. 
Weber, M. (1946). Essays in sociology. In H. H. Gerth, & C.w. Mills (Eds.). Oxford University Press.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society. In G. Roth, & C. Wittich (Eds). University of California Press.
Widengren, G. (1377/1998). Dinhā-ye Iran [Lesreligions de L’Iran] (M. Farhang, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Āgāhān.
Willis, R. (1985). Charisma. In A. Kuper & J. Kuper (Eds.). The Social Science Encyclopedia, London. 
Xenophon (1350/1971). Kourosh nāme [Cyropaedia] (R. Mashayekhi, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Bongāh-e Tarjome va našr-e Ketāb/Institute of Translation and Publication.
Yaghubi, A. (1378/1999). Tārix-e Yaghubi [History of Ya’qubi] (Vol. 1; 8th ed. M. E., Ayati, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Entešārāt-e Elmi va Farhangi/Culture and Science Publication. 
Zamani, A. M. (1381/2002). Ta’sir-e farrah-e izadi dar andiše-ye siyāsi-ye Iran az vorud-e Eslām tā hamle-ye Moghol [Divine glory in Iran political thought since the beginning of Islam till Mongol invasion] (M.A. thesis.). Tarbiat Moddares University.
 
CAPTCHA Image