Author

• Ahmad Shabani

University of Imam Sadiq, Tehan, Iran.

Abstract

This study indicates that essential perceptions and scholarly conceptions in social sciences are remarkably distinguished from each other. They are individualism, holism, collectivism, and systemism. It further deals with the point that socio-economic factors and institutions have a causative interrelation. An independent and isolated study of these institutions can never give a true and proper understanding of these issues. This goal is not achievable but through synthetic and interdisciplinary conceptions including holistic, and systemic methods.

Keywords

• individualism
• holism
• systemism
• Interdisciplinary
• humanities
• methodology