Interdisciplinary
F. Daneshvar
Abstract
The interaction between law and ideology is both complex and contentious. This stems from differences in opinions on the definitions of the two concepts and the various ways in which ideology and law might be related to one another. Moreover, the existing diversity in the literature concerning ideology ...
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The interaction between law and ideology is both complex and contentious. This stems from differences in opinions on the definitions of the two concepts and the various ways in which ideology and law might be related to one another. Moreover, the existing diversity in the literature concerning ideology takes the biggest share of the blame. Hence, to clarify the relationship between ideology and law, one must first do an interdisciplinary study of the existing approaches towards the concept of ideology, as well as its general and specific definitions, and ultimately, the selected definition of ideology must be presented. The theories regarding the relationship between ideology and law may be divided into three categories, namely, autonomy of law, subordination of law to the ideology, and the influence of ideology. Interdisciplinary studies show that the first theory has not been successful in proving the autonomy of law. Likewise, the second theory has failed to address and respond to substantial issues as to its claims. Lastly, the influence of ideology theory has failed to deal with how ideology has been reciprocally affected by law. Nevertheless, the idea advocating the reciprocal relationship between law and ideology, while assuming a particular meaning of ideology, has drawn our attention to the importance of political and sociological factors in understanding law, highlighting the role of law in changes in the prevailing political culture and the dominant ideology in the society.
Interdisciplinary
A. Yasini; M. Taban
Abstract
Research-oriented environments in universities and higher education institutions play an important role in achieving the goals of research in higher education so that it can be expected that if graduate students interact effectively with supervisors, they will have a high sense of efficacy. The main ...
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Research-oriented environments in universities and higher education institutions play an important role in achieving the goals of research in higher education so that it can be expected that if graduate students interact effectively with supervisors, they will have a high sense of efficacy. The main purpose of this study was to present an explanatory model of students’ research self-efficacy in research oriented environments. In this model, the relationship between research-oriented environments, quality of student-supervisor interactions and research self-efficacy was investigated. In terms of the objectives, the research method was of the applied type and regarding collecting data it was descriptive. M.A and PhD graduate students of public universities of western Iran (Ilam, Razi, Luristan, and Kurdistan) constituted the population of the study, of whom 482 students were selected through stratification sampling method. To collect the data, three valid and reliable questionnaires were used. The data was analyzed using path analysis, and the correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between research-oriented environments (r=0.61), quality of student-supervisor interaction (r=0.57) and research self-efficacy (r=0.38). The results indicate that the hypothesized model has complete fit with the observed data. In this model, the direct effect of research training environments on the quality of student-supervisor interaction and research self-efficacy and also their indirect effect on research self-efficacy were significant in a positive way.
Interdisciplinary
M. A. Erfanmanesh; M. Morovati Ardakani
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the collaboration network of authors and institutions in papers published in the quarterly journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities from the first to the 27th issue. Accordingly, the number of publications, authorship patterns, most productive authors ...
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The aim of this study is to analyze the collaboration network of authors and institutions in papers published in the quarterly journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities from the first to the 27th issue. Accordingly, the number of publications, authorship patterns, most productive authors and institutions, characteristics of collaboration networks as well as authors’ areas of expertise were studied. To conduct this applied research, scientometric and social network analysis indicators were utilized. Moreover, UCINet software was used for visualization and analysis of scientific collaboration networks. Results of the study revealed that 185 papers written by 272 researchers from 70 institutions have been published in the first 27 issues of the journal. Investigating the collaboration network of researchers showed that they tend to publish individually or collaboratively in small groups. 48.65% of the papers were single-authored and 51.53% weremultiple-authored. Moreover, Shahid Beheshti University, University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modaress University as well as Kharazmi University played the most important and central roles in collaboration network of institutions in the journal. Last but not least, the fields with the highest share of publication in Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities were Educational Sciences, Political Sciences and Management.
Philosophy
M. Mardiha
Abstract
Like philosophy of natural sciences, philosophy of social sciences begins with questioning of the meaning of science and the criterion of scientific explanation. Although in the former, just similar to the latter, the epistemological abstractive discussions are divergent, the practice of science is not. ...
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Like philosophy of natural sciences, philosophy of social sciences begins with questioning of the meaning of science and the criterion of scientific explanation. Although in the former, just similar to the latter, the epistemological abstractive discussions are divergent, the practice of science is not. But in the sphere of social sciences the practice also lakes convergence and the community of scientists does not share the same scientific criteria of scientificity. The problematic of this article is that, in the realm of social sciences, what exactly scientists are pursuing and searching for when they are producing science. Usually, there are, at least, three responses to that question: cause, reason, and meaning. Describing, analyzing, and criticizing those epistemological positions, each of which is a well-known school in philosophy of social sciences, I will try to demonstrate that none of these criteria is able to pretend an absolute dominance in scientific explanation. However, this does not mean that they have all the same value and weight. The hypothesis is that, in theoretical analysis as well as in scientific practice, causal explanation, investigation of reason, and inquiry concerning meaning, are respectively more important and functional in scientific explanation in the area of social sciences. In many works of the most prominent social scientists, we can find some sort of combination of these different points of view that reflect this hierarchy of criteria.
Philosophy of Educations
P. Najarian
Abstract
Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially ...
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Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially in education and curriculum development, it is necessary to describe its concepts and implications. The objective of this paper is to determine how the complexity theory and its implications can provide solutions for the current curriculum problems. This work presents a basic research approach, in which two philosophical research methods of “conceptual analysis: conceptual structure assessment” and “deductive method: practical syllogism” have been used. The results of this paper show that the application of philosophical features of the complexity theory can enable us to improve the current curriculums. Some of the implications of the complexity theory are: paying particular attention to the complex aspects of learners and their interactions with the universe; developing general mental abilities, applying trans-disciplinary approaches and problem-based curriculums, promoting contextualized knowledge and selecting educational resources and materials related to ecological problems; replacing distributed, participatory and negotiating knowledge with controlled-based and hierarchy-based one; promoting lifetime learning and distance learning, emphasizing learning through feedback, connection and network interaction by applying the new complex network-based technologies, and being prepared for continuous changes in unpredictable situations.
Interdisciplinary
J. Amiri Farahabadi; M. Abolghasemi; M. Ghahramani
Abstract
According to many experts and scholars of higher education, nowadays the most important factor of inefficiency of higher education policymaking in Iran is nonconformity of policies and decisions with scientific, theoretical and research basics. Policy research is defined as a research process focused ...
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According to many experts and scholars of higher education, nowadays the most important factor of inefficiency of higher education policymaking in Iran is nonconformity of policies and decisions with scientific, theoretical and research basics. Policy research is defined as a research process focused on providing policy options and referred to the practice of policymakers and can contribute to reasonable and rational policymaking in the field of higher education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was pathology of higher education policy research process in Iran. In order to achieve this objective, statistical population of study were institutions and research centers of policy research including those affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (such as Institute of Research and Planning in Higher Education (IRPHE), National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Institute for Social and Cultural Studies - ISCS) and those not affiliated to the Ministry, as well as informed policymakers in the field of higher education and 14 of them were chosen purposefully to carry out in-depth interviews. The validity of the findings was evaluated by methods of member checking and peer review. To analyze the data, open and axial coding was used. Results revealed the existence of 113 conceptual statements (subcategories) and 14 main categories in terms of five dimensions: contextual & environmental factors, structural factors, functional factors (related to Policy/decision makers in higher education and higher education policy researchers) and interactive & communicational factors which relations between them were drawn in the research model.
Interdisciplinary
M. N. Farahani; H. Khanipour
Abstract
Psychology as a hub science has a good capacity to connect human sciences. Purposes of this article were: Reviewing historical interest among psychologist for interdisciplinary studies; Investigating common issues between psychology and other human sciences; Explaining psychological causes for failures ...
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Psychology as a hub science has a good capacity to connect human sciences. Purposes of this article were: Reviewing historical interest among psychologist for interdisciplinary studies; Investigating common issues between psychology and other human sciences; Explaining psychological causes for failures of interdisciplinary studies in human sciences in Iran; Clarifying role of interdisciplinary institutions for higher education development; Presenting ways for integrating psychologist in interdisciplinary studies in Iran. Interdisciplinary studies need to develop interdisciplinary institutions that consider psychological, social and moral needs of human being and society. In Iran, maladaptive group process in team work, self-serving bias and shortages of interdisciplinary institutions as a social scaffolding for developing of human science may probably explain failures of interdisciplinary cooperation. Development of interdisciplinary institutions which psychology could have an active role needs to alter educational curriculums for psychology, developing new domain of psychology, and adopting discursive perspectives in psychology.
Interdisciplinary
T. Moghimi; H. R. Arasteh; K. Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Science diplomacy is a developing foreign policy and international relationship among nations is affected by science and technology. Because of the major role of higher education in the production and dissemination of science and new technology, this important organization has always been attractive. ...
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Science diplomacy is a developing foreign policy and international relationship among nations is affected by science and technology. Because of the major role of higher education in the production and dissemination of science and new technology, this important organization has always been attractive. This study is an investigation into measurements and factors for developing science diplomacy and the role of higher education as a fundamental factor in foreign diplomacy. This study is of applied type. The researcher-made questionnaire is the tool for data gathering in this paper. The sample in this research is composed of the faculty members of Khajeh Nasir Toosi University. The results show and confirm 3 dimensions and 33 elements for developing science diplomacy and 5 factors and 21 measurements for the role of higher education in developing science diplomacy. The main suggestions for higher education and foreign policy are developing infrastructure, developing international cooperation among universities, and finding solutions for shared challenges especially among neighboring countries.
Interdisciplinary
M. Sepehri
Abstract
Ninian Smart, a distinguished contemporary pioneer of religious studies, moving away from traditional religious studies known as theology, considers his studies to be historical, comparative (in his favorite term cross-cultural), interdisciplinary as well as phenomenological and empathic, and presents ...
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Ninian Smart, a distinguished contemporary pioneer of religious studies, moving away from traditional religious studies known as theology, considers his studies to be historical, comparative (in his favorite term cross-cultural), interdisciplinary as well as phenomenological and empathic, and presents his model as an analytical one. His model offers seven interconnected dimensions for the religion: rituals, experimental, mythological, doctrinal and philosophical, ethical and legal, social and institutional, and material. On the other hand, mystical theology in comparison with the Smart’s view, through a model developed by Seyyed Haider Amoli (720 - after 787 H.), offers a type of spiritual-subjective and intuitive way that creates a phenomenological distance – to stay away from presuppositions and prejudices – and has the ability to show essentialist empathy in religious studies. This empathy, in the modern non-mystical phenomenology, does not go beyond mere mental and emotional empathy. Although Smart’s model introduces pluralistic dimensions of religion, and is broader in the analysis of worldviews and religions, it is not able to deeply analyze dimensions of religion as compared with the mystical-unitary model. The shari’a-tarighat-haghighat mystical model in its tripartite structure involves the metaphor of »the way» while providing a deep relationship between the dimensions of religion; this metaphor has a symbolic importance for the analysis of religious traditions as the manifestations of trans-historical realities in a historical and temporal path.
