Economics
M. Kamal; H. Amiri; V. Moghadam; D. Rahimi
Abstract
The ownership of common pool resources and their exploitation are jurisprudential issues that include various opinions. The present study provides evidence of governance and its problems in one of the micro-scale irrigation systems in Iran, assuming that it plays an important role in administering those ...
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The ownership of common pool resources and their exploitation are jurisprudential issues that include various opinions. The present study provides evidence of governance and its problems in one of the micro-scale irrigation systems in Iran, assuming that it plays an important role in administering those resources, like those of transactions, custom and empirical knowledge. In this interdisciplinary research (economic, social and jurisprudential), data are provided from in-depth, focal interviews, field observations, and documentation and are analyzed in the framework of Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). The results show that over time, the exploiters, using the resource characteristics organized a kind of exploitation mechanism in which, the upstream exploiters had no power compared to the downstream. However, after the government started playing a key role in administering this area based on the Nationalization of Natural Resources Law, by issuing drilling permits, it practically marginalized the institutional arrangements of the users at the level of collective action and caused a lack of indigenous knowledge. That sparked a dispute between the aforementioned exploiters. Thus, both the resilience of economic and social systems could decrease and the people were excluded from local governance. These findings indicate that the approach to governing common pool resources based on the current reading of the relevant jurisprudential rules, is not possible to adapt to environmental conditions.
Economics
S. Nowroozi; M.H. Ranjbar; J. Asadnia
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the information content of quarterly earnings announcements of firms in Tehran Stock Exchange's information needs of stakeholders and investigate influential factors on it and then propose optimal model. To provide a measure of how much value-relevant information ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the information content of quarterly earnings announcements of firms in Tehran Stock Exchange's information needs of stakeholders and investigate influential factors on it and then propose optimal model. To provide a measure of how much value-relevant information is provided at earnings releases, we calculate the adjusted R2 from a regression of calendar-year returns on returns in each of the four seven-day announcement “event windows” during the year. In order to investigate more, we investigate the factors affecting this information content. Therefore, the financial data of 106 firms for the period between the years 1385 to 1389 were analyzed. Results showed that announcement of quarterly earnings an average of 9 to 17 percent of total annual information that affect stock prices of companies and this indicates that the primary role of announcement of quarterly earnings for investors and other stakeholders is not to provide timely information, but it increase the reliability of other sources of information that issue timelier. Also other results of this study show that there are a significant positive relation between the information content of quarterly earnings announcements and some variables such as growth opportunities and quality and nature of earnings and a negative and significant relationship with the size, financial leverage and age of firm. Finally optimal model of research are propose in below:
Economics
M.J. Kabiri; M.H. Sadraei
Abstract
More than half of the world’s population consists of youth and adolescents under25 years of age. Some 1.2 billion of them are 15-24 years old, and predictions suggest this number will rise for the next 20 years. As a considerable part of the population in any country that can play a positive or ...
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More than half of the world’s population consists of youth and adolescents under25 years of age. Some 1.2 billion of them are 15-24 years old, and predictions suggest this number will rise for the next 20 years. As a considerable part of the population in any country that can play a positive or a negative role in the development of their countries, the youth have diversified needs such as education, employment, access to healthcare and sanitation facilities, and the possibility of engaging in social and civil society activities. Calculating the youth development index in various countries is among the activities that have taken place to determine the degree of youth atmosphere development. This index was calculated for 171 countries with respect to the five key axes of education, health and well-being, employment, political participation, and citizen participation. The main hypothesis in the present research is that the youth development index and the main components of this index have positive effects on economic growth of countries. To investigate this issue, an econometric model based on the endogenous growth model is employed and the selected countries through developed, developing, and less developed countries are studied. Results indicated that, YDI plays effective and significant role in the economic growth. Also all off its main components have effective and significant roles in the economic growth of the selected countries.
Interdisciplinary
Sh. Kasnavi
Abstract
The assessment of any legal system, such as trademark law, requires a comprehensive understanding of that system, and this can be made possible only through awareness of the objectives and foundations of that system. This awareness in trademark law helps us interpret better, especially where there are ...
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The assessment of any legal system, such as trademark law, requires a comprehensive understanding of that system, and this can be made possible only through awareness of the objectives and foundations of that system. This awareness in trademark law helps us interpret better, especially where there are no statutes. Trademark law is highly influenced by both moral and legal issues and the basics of market economy because trademark has fully economic dimensions as well, and the existence of trademark depends on the economic efficiency of the market. This highlights the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach with the aim of understanding this supportive system. Natural law theory and contractual theory legally justify the protection of trademark. Beside these two theories, the search cost theory and incentive of producers, as two important economic factors, justify the protection of trademark even more powerfully. Nonetheless, trademark legal system relies on all these foundations and each of them is necessary to interpret trademark law.
Interdisciplinary
M. Mozafarinia; A. Manouchehri; M. Ghaffari; F. Mo’meni
Abstract
The conditions of success and reasons for failure of development strategies and plans, are among the most important “development studies” issues. This has been explained in different ways: for example, there is a strong relationship between the efficiency of development strategies and plans ...
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The conditions of success and reasons for failure of development strategies and plans, are among the most important “development studies” issues. This has been explained in different ways: for example, there is a strong relationship between the efficiency of development strategies and plans and development theories. Based on paradigmatic-implicative theory, which explains the relationship between development theories and political thought and considers the development theory as one of the practical implications of political thought, a condition for the success of development strategies and development plans can be found to be rooted in the political thought foundation. Therefore, in the present article we explore the political thought supporting Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth theory, as one of the oldest and most important development theories which in the 1960s resulted in understanding development as “growth”. We use qualitative content analysis method to show that the political foundation of Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth theory is based on the principle of “the most utility for the most people” in accordance with Bentham’s utilitarian political thought.
Behavioral Sciences
V. Arshadi; M. Salimifar; A. A. Naji Meidani; B. Mahram
Abstract
The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors regarding the effect of Islamic teachings on family economic action through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory method”. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the ...
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The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors regarding the effect of Islamic teachings on family economic action through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory method”. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the matter, a semi-structured interview with 16 experts on Islamic economy, Muslim consumer behavior, educational sciences, psychology and sociology and the issue of values and actions has served as the main research tool. The samples were selected through purposive sampling and snowball method, and interviews were conducted to the point of theoretical saturation. Findings of data analysis in this three steps show that factors such as the synergy of the high quality of transfer of teachings from formal and informal education institutes, high quality of the perception of teachings by family members, high quality of family income resources, and faith and belief in the accountability in the Hereafter can create collective order within family based on the subjective value of Islamic economic teaching. The collective order is influenced by "underlying" and "structural" factors and leads to discretion behavior. This paper is also innovative in terms of its profound look into the formation of economic behavior within the family.
