Environment
M. Rafatipanah Mehrabadi
Abstract
Researches that have been conducted over the past three decades on environmental non-governmental organizations in Iran, it is found that there has been a significant gap between the people and these organizations. In other words, these organizations have been weak not only in informing the people about ...
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Researches that have been conducted over the past three decades on environmental non-governmental organizations in Iran, it is found that there has been a significant gap between the people and these organizations. In other words, these organizations have been weak not only in informing the people about the environmental activities but increasing the knowledge, attitude and skills of the people, as well. Although various reasons can be cited but the state, as the most general institution of the country plays an irreplaceable role in making these organizations efficient or inefficient. The way the government looks at environmental organizations and make policies about them, especially in terms of legislation, can lead to the prosperity of these organizations and increase their productivity, or it can simply be vice versa. This research, using the historical research method and referring to the laws and regulations related to non-governmental organizations and also by using some program documents, seeks to investigate how the government deals with these organizations and its results. The findings show that the Iranian government, due to its tendency for centralism and authoritarianism in laws and regulations, limited the scope of non-governmental organizations’ activities, and made it possible for the government to interfere in their affairs and deprive them of their independence. This led to increase in the weakness of these institutions, their efficiency, lack of motivation on and their inability to communicate effectively with the people and promote the culture of environmental protection.
Environment
M. Talebi; M.J. Zareian; A. Farokhniya; R. Roozbahani
Abstract
The adoption of intermediate plans for development and progress is based on policies that are in the form of specific objectives and legal mechanism and executive plans. As in many cases, the weakness in implementation can be traced to policies. Accordingly, due to the imbalance between consumption and ...
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The adoption of intermediate plans for development and progress is based on policies that are in the form of specific objectives and legal mechanism and executive plans. As in many cases, the weakness in implementation can be traced to policies. Accordingly, due to the imbalance between consumption and demand in the management of water resources, one of the reasons can be sought in the form of policy-making and planning. However, water policy-making and planning in Iran has not been a fixed one and has undergone many changes in social and political contexts. Most of the developments in water planning and policy-making are between water programs before and after the Islamic Revolution; developments in medium and short terms are also evident. To identify these developments through a qualitative approach and the inductive content analysis method, the text of development plans and documents has been studied. Since the Islamic Revolution, these developments have been more influenced by the political discourse of the government. The results also show that development programs in Iran have not been sufficiently coherent in terms of the sustainability of water resources. In fact, the change in policies related to the exploitation of water resources during this period has led to the rupture of various development programs of the country from the perspective of water management.
Social Sciences
M. Talebi; M. Zokaie; M. Fazeli; M. Jomehpoor
Abstract
The Zayandeh-Rood river basin is the only permanent and water-rich river in the central plateau in a densely populated area with a dry and semi-arid climate. Due to precise historical management and supervision, the social problems of water distribution rarely happened. However, since the mid-1980s, ...
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The Zayandeh-Rood river basin is the only permanent and water-rich river in the central plateau in a densely populated area with a dry and semi-arid climate. Due to precise historical management and supervision, the social problems of water distribution rarely happened. However, since the mid-1980s, the river has steadily lost its natural flow and has become seasonal river. Therefore, there have been many protests by stakeholder in the provinces. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reason for the water crisis in the Zayandeh-Rood river basin has occurred over the last two decades. The knowledge of water management is beyond the technical understanding of the subject, and it is an interdisciplinary science, so it should be considered in different fields. Thus, this article focuses on recognizing the water governance gap in the Zayandeh-Rood river basin in various sectors. The method used for this purpose, is analysis of documents, based on a comparative content analysis. Also we conducted interviews with 30 water experts in different districts and provinces (Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari). The results showed that water governance in the Zayandeh-Rood River basin resulted in various gaps, including executive gaps, targeting gaps, policy gaps, information gaps, capacity gaps, investment gaps, and responsibility gaps.
