Interdisciplinary
H. Dadashpoor; N. Alvandipour
Abstract
Spatial justice is the ultimate goal for human society and one of the main purposes of urban planning. In its most general sense, it has been accepted with significant popularity among the experts and scholars throughout history. The result is a massive collection of various theories based on the concept ...
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Spatial justice is the ultimate goal for human society and one of the main purposes of urban planning. In its most general sense, it has been accepted with significant popularity among the experts and scholars throughout history. The result is a massive collection of various theories based on the concept of justice in the city. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of justice, sometimes the implementations of this concept as well as its definitions and explanations do not agree or even they may contradict.Therefore, defining a conceptual typology and clarifying the theoretical route of justice urban theories are the main aims of this paper. To do this, we use systematic review of justice based theories in urban planning and utilize Allmendinger mete-theory framework with five broad categories. Besides defining the framework, it also provides opportunity for theorizing in this field. The present article attempts to explain the essence of justice urban planning theories. In this regard, methods such as Systematic Review, secondary study and typology as quality research strategies are used to collect and analyze the data. Typology study helps the better understanding of this interdisciplinary concept. Therefore, by reviewing all typology of planning theory, justice urban planning theories have been explained, based on the selected one. At the end, this article presents a conceptual frameworkfor better and more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the principle of justice in urban planning.
Law
A. Shams
Abstract
In countries with different ethnics, local people highly seeking to control local internal affairs administration by themselves. If central power cannot, in stable conditions, guide this tendency well, and reinforce national consensus field, in instable conditions, disintegration field of the country ...
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In countries with different ethnics, local people highly seeking to control local internal affairs administration by themselves. If central power cannot, in stable conditions, guide this tendency well, and reinforce national consensus field, in instable conditions, disintegration field of the country will be provided. In historical background of our country, both experiences have been existed: experience of Safavid Dynasty and dynasties after that till Pahlavi era and "administrating of local public affairs with three different approaches is a contemplative experience, for enforcing theoretical and practical principles of administrating local affairs in Iran. The present interdisplinary research relevant to Public Administration & Public Law, in the light of target, is theoretical and fundamental research directed towards revealing historical facts as well as its data collection conducted based on "documentary study". In a more obvious term, research methodology in this article is historical research and survey method with analytical-descriptive approach: in this respect, at first by using sources, events and incidents are described, and then analyzed, and finally new proposals will be provided that will give us new achievements in this field.
H. Nassaj; M. Soltani
Abstract
Upheavals which occurred in western architecture in terms of different buildings, external and internal facades, decorations and garnitures, public and private spaces, materialfrom the ancient until the end of the 20th century, represent the undeniable role of politics and political thoughts in these ...
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Upheavals which occurred in western architecture in terms of different buildings, external and internal facades, decorations and garnitures, public and private spaces, materialfrom the ancient until the end of the 20th century, represent the undeniable role of politics and political thoughts in these upheavals and dynamics. Accordingly, the effects of politics can be observed at different levels including the instrumental use of owners of political, economic, and religious power from architecture for expressing and representing their own power via constructing outstanding buildings such as palaces, temples, triumphal arches, and churches. In addition, the advent of new forms of public spaces, the appearance of buildings for public offerings such as exhibitions and museums and the separation of public and private spaces have been offerings of enlightenment and humanism, liberalism, and capitalism. Due to the direct intervention of governments in the domain construction because of damages caused by wars of the first half of the 20th century, more emphasis have been put on the function of buildings as spaces and places of occurring modern life and homogenous architectural style was prescribed for realizing a comprehensive international identity. At last, with the collapse of metanarrative of modernism and rise of postmodernism, pluralism, decentralization, infinity of senses, the rejection of hierarchy and flexibility in architecture of the late 20th century can be observed and investigated. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the relationship between politics and architecture in the framework of interdisciplinary studies.
Shima Shasti; M. Falamaki; M. Javeheri Pour
Abstract
The confusion in the physical form of the architecture of Tehran today is an obvious fact, even for inexpert spectators. But some fundamental questions arise here: which of the academic disciplines should explain this confusion? Is it the duty of architecture and urbanism, or that of sociology and cultural ...
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The confusion in the physical form of the architecture of Tehran today is an obvious fact, even for inexpert spectators. But some fundamental questions arise here: which of the academic disciplines should explain this confusion? Is it the duty of architecture and urbanism, or that of sociology and cultural studies? Should the political economy of Tehran explain this confusion, or should the pathology of urban management do the job? It seems that an understanding of this problematic cannot be obtained within the confines of each of the above-mentioned disciplines alone, but to understand the nature of this situation we need to adopt an interdisciplinary approach. So, in this article we attempt to take the confusion of the physical form in the architecture of Tehran today into consideration from the point of view of sociological and cultural studies. We think this approach is more useful than the disciplinary approach in discovering the nature of the problematic. In this article we attempt to analyze the relationship between the physical form of the architecture of Tehran today and the cultural and sociological elements. In other words, we want to show that more than being an element dependent on the aesthetic taste or the requirements of architecture engineering, the chaotic change in the architecture of Tehran today is a variable dependent on some cultural and sociological elements.
Sociology
Abstract
Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental ...
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Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental sociology relying on the ecological interpretation is to investigate the environmental problems with using sociological knowledge. Therefore, the new concept of ecological Citizenship is formed that focused on the functionality and responsibility and cultural capital is an important factor in improving citizens' responsibility. In this study, the relationship of ecological citizenship and cultural capital is investigated using the survey method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected. The findings show that, ecological citizenship with the 78.57% is relatively good. However, the cultural capital with 52.97% has been somewhat low. Pearson correlation test shows that there is a significant and positive correlation between cultural capital and its dimensions (except Institutionalized dimension) with ecological citizenship. Regression test results show that the three dimensions of cultural capital, could explain 7.4% of the variance of ecological citizenship.
Political Sciences
M.M. Raeesi
Abstract
Secularism is one of the most important components of west contemporary civilization. The role of this system of thought, which emerged as a reaction against the function of religious institutions in the West, especially the church in the Middle Ages, is so prominent in contemporary civilization that ...
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Secularism is one of the most important components of west contemporary civilization. The role of this system of thought, which emerged as a reaction against the function of religious institutions in the West, especially the church in the Middle Ages, is so prominent in contemporary civilization that its effects on political, social, cultural conditions and relationships can be clearly identified, and the geography of Iran is no exception. After a brief introduction and brief explanation of the foundations of secularism, this paper focuses on the issue of the effects of secularism on contemporary architecture and urban planning, and in particular the physical-spatial transformations of Iranian contemporary cities. A composite method is used: archival research for data collection and qualitative content analysis for data analysis. Our findings indicate that since architecture, urban planning and relevant issues (including spatial and physical transformations) are influenced by different social and cultural relations, Iranian contemporary architecture and urbanism are affected by secularism and its foundations. In order to prove this issue, objective examples and evidence are presented as part of analytical discussions.
Pegah Izadi; Z. Hadiyani; A. Hajinejad; J. Ghaderi
Abstract
With the changes in the nature of economic development in the post-industrial economy in this century, cultural activities, which in the past were thought to have adverse effects on economic development, have come to play an important role in the discourse of urban planning and regeneration. Therefore, ...
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With the changes in the nature of economic development in the post-industrial economy in this century, cultural activities, which in the past were thought to have adverse effects on economic development, have come to play an important role in the discourse of urban planning and regeneration. Therefore, culture-led regeneration has become one of the most prevalent regeneration approaches in many cities around the world. However, after decades of experience of regeneration in Iranian cities, re-generation approaches are still largely based on the repair and physical reconstruction of old areas, and in spite of the rich cultural resources of Iranian cities, there is no comprehensive planning for the exploitation of these potential sources as the driving force for regeneration. However, what is the role of culture in urban regeneration? What is culture-led regeneration and what are its characteristics? What are the models and factors of its implementation? And what challenges does such regeneration face? In terms of objectives, this paper presents fundamental research and has employed descriptive methodology based on contextual data. The purpose of this research is to develop the theoretical literature of culture-led regeneration by providing answers to these questions in the hope of promoting successful experiences of regeneration in Iranian cities. In summing up the discussion, we introduce this approach as an integrated and holistic approach relying on the resources of history, spaces and creative forces.
Political Sciences
A. Manoochehri; S. nariman
Abstract
The capability approach has been the subject of increasingly enthusiastic enquiry in development studies and welfare economics over the last three decades. Although Amartya Sen's capability approach was born in the field of economics, it extended very soon to the humanities and to other social sciences. ...
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The capability approach has been the subject of increasingly enthusiastic enquiry in development studies and welfare economics over the last three decades. Although Amartya Sen's capability approach was born in the field of economics, it extended very soon to the humanities and to other social sciences. This approach has been applied in many areas and a practical version has been created. In spite of its development within social and political sciences, few efforts to extend it to the citizenship area have been made. This paper attempts to provide an answer to the question whether the capability approach includes elements sufficient for formulating a citizenship hypothesis. On the basis that every citizenship tradition encompasses two dimensions of right and responsibility, if these two concepts are embodied in the capability approach in such a way as to explain the relationship between individual and society, then we can claim that the capability approach has the potential of extending to the field of citizenship. We show that this approach, with its emphasis on elements like "moral right" and "committed responsibility", encompasses sufficient features for the development of "citizenship of capability".
M.H. Boochani; M. Sarrafi; J. Tavakolina; A. Dashti
Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the issue of which criteria relevant to the relations between national government and good urban governance are in keeping with the criteria of good urban governance in the Iranian constitution. By reading the constitution, it attempts to analyze its contents as the main ...
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This paper attempts to examine the issue of which criteria relevant to the relations between national government and good urban governance are in keeping with the criteria of good urban governance in the Iranian constitution. By reading the constitution, it attempts to analyze its contents as the main resource for planning at the local and national levels. From a theoretical aspect, the theoretic framework was designed through the employment of an approach for good urban governance in relation to Iran’s local requirements. The main indices that were selected consist of eight indices: effectiveness, decentralization and attention to local requirements, equality, right of participation and citizenship, coordination and consensus-orientation, regulatory compliance, accountability and transparency and truthfulness. Content analysis was used as the qualitative method of the research for description of the constitution through coding and systematic classification procedures. The use of this approach allowed us to describe the real nature of data using a qualitative method. The results show that in the Iranian constitution, suitable governance indices have been emphasized. The right to participation and accountability show the highest level of compatibility with the Iranian constitution while decentralization and regulatory compliance show the lowest level. Therefore, this approach was supported by the legislators at the time of writing of the Iranian constitution; attracting citizen participation, accountability, government structure response to the councils, and decentralization in the administration of the country’s affairs through local councils. In conclusion, on the basis of what was stated in the constitution regarding local and national governance is compatible with good urban governance criteria.
