Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities

Abstract The business environment, especially in the industrial sector, is undergoing transformation, and job prospects are rapidly evolving. Changes in social conditions and transformations in the global, national, and local economies are among the influential factors on the new business ecosystem. In such circumstances, university education, particularly in vocational universities, requires restructuring in its programs and orientations to ensure the continuity of businesses with economic and social needs, thereby leading to an improvement in the economic and social situation. Private (non-profit) universities, due to their more agile structures and greater financial independence, possess characteristics that suggest they can operate successfully and effectively in this field. The ability of these universities to create a learning ecosystem based on local needs, their speed in designing and implementing new academic programs, and their capacity to employ diverse human resources can be instrumental in this regard. In this research, the dimensions of this issue have been studied using content analysis. This means that, after reviewing the research literature, indicators of university-industry collaboration, as the core driver of the university's relationship with businesses, were determined. Based on this, an effort was made to consider degrees of the impact of this collaboration on economic and social dimensions. Finally, the research findings indicate that, assuming the formation of effective and efficient university-industry collaboration, it can be expected that by establishing connections between top universities and large industrial sectors, and between medium and small universities with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a more dynamic learning ecosystem will be created, and the effectiveness of universities on the economic and social environment will increase.

Abstract The interdisciplinary approach is a post-development approach. It introduces the idea-norm of responsibility as the teleost of education and research. Without this inter-teleos, all the modern values would be in risk of corruption. But the responsibility itself has limitations. The phenomenological hermeneutics repairs and rectifies these limitations. By amending the inadequacy of responsibility in the interdisciplinary approach, we will be able not to act violently, doing less crimination, exploitation and harming the environment. For us, as people involving in the development process and democratization, to be responsible and to do interdisciplinary is a demanding and troublesome task of all disciplinary contributions. Only by an aggregation of knowledge and morality we can do Interdisciplinarity. Interdisciplinarity begins with promotion and flourishing the self, and flourishing the self needs rationality and criticism. In this research I argue that we need a phenomenological approach toward Interdisciplinarity, so the critiques and condemnations heretofore raised against the positive approach toward it diminish and the interdisciplinary collusion not occurs again.

Abstract To learn participatory and pragmatic urban planning, students have to engage with the society in real and ultra-disciplinary settings. In some universities, such an opportunity is provided through provision of voluntary civil services. But this kind of services has not been included in the official programs of the urban planning in Iran while the highly centralized academic administration makes any formal alteration very difficult. The aim of this article is to examine the possibility of introducing civil services within the current administration. It was pursued through an action research which tried to establish service at studio level. This kind of service is mostly known as “service-learning”. A review of the literature showed that service-learning in the field of urban planning suffers from the isolation of universities from the society. This problem manifests itself at two levels: the administrative structure and the professional techniques of participation. Focusing on the professional level, the pragmatic formulation of democratic engagement of universities is reviewed. Using this foundation, an alternative method of participation based on the analogy and metaphor is introduced. This method was adopted, reflected on and reformed within three semesters of action research. The final edition of the method satisfactorily eased the technical problems and justified the voluntary service for students within the current administration. But the collaborating professors rejected the sufficiency of the mere method, without structural modifications. The probable reasons for that rejection are discussed for further studies.

Abstract The most important factor affecting university market practice is the employment of graduates in the market and, consequently, the improvement of market orientation. Marketing in the educational industry has a special relationship with the employment of graduates in the field of education. Identifying the factors that have been operating on the market and improving the performance of graduates is one of the most important goals of this research. Considering that the topic of performance in the market of different areas of educational planning, macro education in the country, curriculum development, and other subjects is included in the field of interdisciplinary subjects, Different types of educational management, strategic management, engineering, and curriculum designing involve market performance management. Conforming to the space requirement of the problem, this paper presents a three-step process model. Regarding analyzing the dimensions and components identified using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, the structural interpretation analysis of the relationship with the industry and industrial projects plays an important role in market orientation and the matching of academic training and market requirements, as well as the factor of being due to Including the level of well-being and infrastructure of the faculty and the surrounding area has a high impact on the level of performance in the market according to the results of an example of nine universities and colleges.

Abstract In this paper, we try to examine the relationship between the three concepts of institutional trust, university, and political socialization. Institutional trust is one of the most important assets and needs of each institution to advance its functions. On the other hand, one of the most important functions of written and non-written of public universities in the Islamic Republic of Iran is to influence the process of political socialization of their main audience, students. The main issue of this article is that institutional trust as the most important indicator of social capital has a significant effect on the political socialization of undergraduate students at Tehran's public universities as a statistical society of this research. Postulating the theory of Robert Putnam on the concept of social capital, this article propounds this hypothesis that political socialization in every society carried out mainly through state institutions and the amount of citizen's trust to state institutions, which is called institutional trust and is one of the most important elements of social capital, is very important in the implementation process and the effectiveness of political socialization. Study of statistical findings in the case study of this study showed that with increasing institutional trust in public universities in Tehran, their effectiveness in increasing the political socialization of undergraduate students increase.

Abstract Academic interdisciplinaries demand their own specific standards of excellence. This study attempts to design a conceptual model and to edit its structural indices in university and descriptive-analytic method is used in it. For this reason, at first conceptual dimensions of the structure have been identified and appropriate indices and criteria have been designed and edited on the basis of those factors. The population survey includes documents and reports exist in information databases that are accessible to the researcher with regard to the research topic, and sampling has been characterized by the use of purposeful sampling. Results of the study reveals that in order to develop an academic interdisciplinary structure  one has to pay attention to the five conceptual dimensions Including interdisciplinary philosophy, conditions and situations, selection, balance and mass participation, as well as five main factors in strategies for making interdisciplinary structure which includes: policies, management and organizational structure, infrastructure support, leadership, support and supervision, funding, the officialism. So in this research to create an interdisciplinary structure, factors, specific criteria and indicators were identified and designed.

Abstract Lifestyle is a phenomenon which provides beliefs, values,knowledge and interpersonal competencies in social-personal situations. Lifestyle makes the real part of human civilization; however it does not occur as a simple and linear. Crystallization of the inner human, means lifestyle, is seriously affected by the action’s position; time and location based on personal perception, which together form the context of the action. While religion makes the main basis of a religious person’s lifestyle, but the institutional actor is affected by the current realities of organization’s life and acts in terms of laws and requirements which resulted in different lifestyles. In confrontation between religious beliefs and institutional realities, three situations may consider including full conformity, partial conformity and non-conformity. In each of these forms a particular lifestyle based on the university condition may emerge, which is known as academic educators’ lifestyle. The importance of these forms is due to the effect of them on educational effectiveness of academic activities. The educator is not only a person with a personal lifestyle, but also is a “lifestyle learner” which it acts with a latent and indirect manner. If the implementation of “Modern Islamic Civilization” is important, and the “real part” of it, is made by people’s life context and visibly and invisibly is affected by educators’ manners in each society, therefore the explanation of academic educators’ practice is important since they are the main reference of lifestyle model for young.

Abstract Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity in higher education. In recently half-century, interdisciplinary activities have had suitable outcomes and results for higher education system, industry and society. One of the most important interdisciplinary activities outcomes is inclination for designing and carrying out interdisciplinary activities by universities, industries, government, faculties, researchers and students. Iran's higher education and university system, the development of academic interdisciplinary towards defined goals and plan, so much success has not. With due consideration to importance and necessity of the interdisciplinary activities and existing challenges, by mixed qualitative research method, were investigated and analyzed why, what and how of interdisciplinary activities and its success factors and development requirements in universities. Finally, based on the study, six main factors and twelve key requirements for formation, growth and development of the interdisciplinary in higher education is derived and explained.

Abstract Interdisciplinary activities are frequently heralded as innovative and groundbreaking, a necessity for confronting the numerous social ,cultural and economic challenges facing higher education. This article considers the inherent conflict between the professoriate and the university structure related to interdisciplinary. It concentrates on strategies that cultivate the sort of change necessary for interdisciplinary advancement. The article addresses the engagement of faculty with interdisciplinary efforts and the institutional support of such work as requiring a cultural change in institutional behavior. Cultivating interdisciplinary change requires attention to the multiple cultural layers the university comprises. One emphasis must be placed on the basic structure of academic work, the departments and colleges, where faculty members spend a majority of their time and intellectual resources. Another emphasis occurs at the institutional level, when the campus fosters a culture where interdisciplinary work is valued, encouraged, and supported. This article focuses on these facets of change and offer guidelines for engaging faculty in interdisciplinary endeavors.

Abstract Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic components and principles of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences are identified. Accordingly, appropriate factors, criteria and indicators are developed. The statistical population of the research consists of documents in accessible databases and the research sample is specified through purposeful sampling method. The results indicate that the evaluation of academic interdisciplinary sciences should include five conceptual dimensions: multi-faceted issues, interdisciplinary insights, adhering to integrative process, Interdisciplinary understanding and interdisciplinary structure. Meanwhile it should also pay attention to five main factors: objectives, curriculum, teaching- learning process, faculty and management. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the quality of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences, 5 factors, 14 criteria and 59 indicators are identified and designed in this study.

Abstract Planning is one of the human occupations in his social life but its conception has been changed along with social changes. Today, university planning is facing crisis regarding its complex situation: so liner approach in planning cant anwer to the university systems reform and perception. In most "developing countries", imitation approach from the industrial specific and unique situation. The important thing is planning thought which attend to past, present and future dynamic communication in university situation. if until now future was an important thing for the planning, after this, dialectic of past, present and future will be determine in planning. Planning thought with emphasize on university dynamic realities based on their background profit from different science and techniques for planning in university development therefore the planning for the university development has been situated in the interdisciplinary area. This article, delibrate on university complex systems and critique liner approach in higher education and universities planning; So, in this study planning thought is examining as an interdisciplinary and creative issue in the development planning of university.