Mohammad Reza Dehshiri
Abstract
While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The ...
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While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The paper is also intended to explain the transitional phase from multicultural studies to intercultural studies as well as the new methodological developments from a multidisciplinary approach to an interdisciplinary one as well as to examine the outcomes of these developments in the orientalist analyses of western academicians and the interactions between different disciplines in post-colonial studies. In response to the question as to “why has the orientalism been basically based on a multidisciplinary approach while the post-colonial studies have tended to rely on an interdisciplinary one”, this paper will make a review of the introvert factors caused by the assimilatory and multifaceted nature of scientific orientalism as well as the extrovert factors caused by the influence of colonial powers on the western orientalists in studying the economic, social, cultural, political, historical and literary aspects of the oriental societies. Furthermore, the paper aims at providing an explanatory method for identifying the causes of an effort for an intercultural approach towards post-colonial studies by taking into consideration and emphasizing on field research through establishing an epistemological and methodological linkage between aesthetics, etymology, anthropology, sociology, geography and political science as well as interdisciplinary cooperation among indigenous orientalists.
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri
Abstract
The present article endeavours to examine, through a descriptive and analytical methodology, the approach taken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), regarding interdisciplinary studies in the field of Higher Education. The research explains the programmes and policies ...
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The present article endeavours to examine, through a descriptive and analytical methodology, the approach taken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), regarding interdisciplinary studies in the field of Higher Education. The research explains the programmes and policies of this organization in the area of Higher Education and discusses the process of the evolution of interdisciplinary towards transdisciplinarity in the surveys and researches conducted by the organization. After reflecting on the reasons for its tendency towards transdisciplinary studies, the research analyses the criteria of the passage from structural interdisciplinarity to behavioural transdisciplinarity. The article concludes that OECD has adopted the passage from structural interdisciplinarity towards behavioural transdisciplinarity as a basis for policymaking and educational and research orientation in the field of Higher Education. This approach tends to promote the capabilities, innovations, skills and creativity of students and to increase their objective understanding of social and professional conditions and necessities, so that the context for their successful and constructive presence in technical markets, as well as their effective responsiveness to the needs of their society, is provided for
