Demography
fateme modiri; fateme tanha
Abstract
Due to the persistence of fertility below replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, In this article, we examine the impact of feeling of security on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and the intention to have another child. Using the Married Lifestyle Survey data, ...
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Due to the persistence of fertility below replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, In this article, we examine the impact of feeling of security on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and the intention to have another child. Using the Married Lifestyle Survey data, 1189 married men and women in Tehran, where the woman was less than 50 years old and fertile, selected in a multi-stage cluster method and used in the final analysis. The results showed that the mean of ideal children number in the respondents was more than two children (2.13), the intended children number was 1.91, the children ever born number was less than the replacement level (1.41) and 36/9 percent of the respondents intended to have another child. There was a significant relationship between the feeling of security and the number of children ever born, ideal and intended. Also, logistic regression models showed a significant effect of feeling of security in exit of childlessness, one-child and two-children. Policy suggestions in order to increase childbearing, based on a suitable context to reduce risky situations and increase the feeling of security in various economic, public, judicial and political dimensions, including job security and adequate income, political stability and immunity from any offense.
Population: Issues and Challenges
Milad Bagi
Abstract
Considering the age structure change and macro-level socioeconomic transformations that Iran has experienced, marriage trends are expected to change between different periods and cohorts. This paper aimed to examine the periodic and generational changes in marriage and the determinants of marriage probability ...
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Considering the age structure change and macro-level socioeconomic transformations that Iran has experienced, marriage trends are expected to change between different periods and cohorts. This paper aimed to examine the periodic and generational changes in marriage and the determinants of marriage probability over the last four decades using the multilevel age-period-cohort method. For this purpose, Household Income and Expenditure Survey data were analyzed. The findings showed that in both sexes, younger cohorts delay their marriage compared to older cohorts and marry at older ages. The percentage of married women in all cohorts is higher than men until age 35, but at older ages, the opposite will be true. Periodic trends confirm these results. Age-period-cohort analysis revealed women have married earlier than men in all periods and cohorts, but the marriage probability of women is less than men. Tertiary education and employment were crucial determinants in reducing the probability of marriage among various periods and cohorts. The breadwinner male model of the Iranian family has caused employment to increase the marriage probability of men and decrease the women’s marriage probability. Given the tertiary education expansion and prolongation of the education, providing appropriate policies and programs for youth employment is needed to prevent further delay in youth marriage. Therefore, planners need to consider the changes in family and community over the past decades in policymaking.
Demography
Amene Abbasi; Amir Maleki; Rasool Sadeghi; Ghader Balakhani
Abstract
This paper uses a meta-analysis to comparatively evaluate the factors related to childbearing in Iran studies. The analysis is based on 26 studies, which 16 are about fertility desires and 10 are about childbearing attitudes. The results suggest that several factors have negative effect on fertility ...
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This paper uses a meta-analysis to comparatively evaluate the factors related to childbearing in Iran studies. The analysis is based on 26 studies, which 16 are about fertility desires and 10 are about childbearing attitudes. The results suggest that several factors have negative effect on fertility desires named: education, marriage age, and number of children, social-economic participation, and individualism, attitude to employment, foreign media and internet. As well as, age, rural living, income, religiosity, social protection, number of siblings, and life quality have positive effect on fertility desires, which among them individualism (-0/296) and number of children (-0/224) have the most effect sizes. The results also suggest that income and age difference between spouses have positive effect on childbearing attitude and cultural investment, education, social-economic status, age, and virtual networks have negative effect on childbearing attitudes, which income (0/272) and age (0/258) have the most effect sizes. Therefore there are a lot of social factors which have important role in determining childbearing in Iran and social planners should pay attention to them.
Sociology
Farjad nateghi; Ebrahim Towfigh
Abstract
This paper seeks to explicate "bio-resistance" in an interdisciplinary perspective inspired by political philosophy, history, anthropology, and sociology. Here the concept of "bio-resistance" is formulated along the lines of thought drawn from an integrated reading of Spinoza and ...
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This paper seeks to explicate "bio-resistance" in an interdisciplinary perspective inspired by political philosophy, history, anthropology, and sociology. Here the concept of "bio-resistance" is formulated along the lines of thought drawn from an integrated reading of Spinoza and Deleuze. Using the genealogical method and the transcendental empiricism approach, this paper has also undertaken a historical study on the emergence of multitude as a product of the actualization of "bio-resistance". In contemporary Iranian history population as the multitude has been realized within the period between the collapse of the old and the blossoming of the new order in the Constitutional Movement, in the Social Movements between1941-1953, and in the Iranian Revolution of February 1979. In each of these moments Anjumans, Unions, and Shuras can be regarded as forms of multitude which displayed the collective resistance of the subaltern groups against "biopower"."Existence" is the immanent cause of life, and human beings faced with dangers threatening their existence, tend to be united under a common destiny. "bio-resistance" is thus a collective political activity in the service of self-preservation, made possible by the transformation of subjugated body-subjects into liberated body-subjects in pure optical and sound situations. The results of this study guide us to three fundamental principles: 1. to exist is to resist; 2. Preservation of existence is a political praxis; 3. there can be no individual liberation without a collective liberation.
Interdisciplinary
Javad shahvali kohshouri; Askari Askari; Rasool Nazari; Amirreza Naghsh
Abstract
Sports science and futures studies have both emerged as an interdisciplinary field in the world. Interdisciplinary or interdisciplinary studies is one of the areas that has grown in parallel with these two, and have had a tangible and fundamental impact on them and have been influenced by them. Interdisciplinary ...
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Sports science and futures studies have both emerged as an interdisciplinary field in the world. Interdisciplinary or interdisciplinary studies is one of the areas that has grown in parallel with these two, and have had a tangible and fundamental impact on them and have been influenced by them. Interdisciplinary research is very important, especially in the field of sports, which has ambitious goals in addition to its health-oriented nature as well. Therefore, a strategic corridor for the development of Iranian university sports was emerged in this article, by using the scenario tool as one of the future research methods. Exercise in universities is an institutional form of the physical education trend for a healthy and active life. The participants of the present analytical and exploratory study included 34 domestic and foreign individuals interested in Iranian university sports who were selected based on the purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and open questionnaires. Based on the findings, analysis of 30 main resulted factors eventually led to production of two key uncertainties of "joining the global sports movement" and "systematization of sustained physical activity", which became the basis for the development of four scenarios named Damavand, Tafakhr, Rooz-az-no and physics. In order to develop the Iranian university sports, separate policies should be developed in different parts of university sports based on the systematization of sustainable physical activities.
Future Studies
Ehsan Marzban; Hosein Rezayan; Ahad Rezayan; Mostafa Marzban
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the key factors, emerging trends and driving forces in the development of future faculty promotion regulations (FPR) and evaluate the structural relationships between key factors in the horizon of 1414. For this purpose, relying on a mixed methodology ...
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The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the key factors, emerging trends and driving forces in the development of future faculty promotion regulations (FPR) and evaluate the structural relationships between key factors in the horizon of 1414. For this purpose, relying on a mixed methodology and using literature review, interviews, cross-impact analysis matrix, micmac software and expert panels, key factors were identified and the relationships of influence and dependence between them have been structurally analyzed. As a result, the five forces including "Discourse governing higher education in Iran", "Society (industry, market and government) expectation of higher education", "Economics of higher education", "Competitiveness and internationalization of higher education" and "Emerging challenges and development of Interdisciplinary science" are considered as drivers of change in the subject of research and the function and influence of each in the future of the faculty promotion system has been explained. Accordingly, upgrading future editions of FPR requires alignment with the identified drivers, consideration the structural complexities between key factors and adapting to changes in the social, economic and political environment through interdisciplinary and futuristic approaches.
Social Sciences
zeinab shafiei
Abstract
The place of handicrafts has always been controversial throughout history. In this regard, three periods can be distinguished: the first period is the period in which handicrafts are classified as the poor cousin of fine arts, under the dual high / low, in the second period coincides with the emergence ...
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The place of handicrafts has always been controversial throughout history. In this regard, three periods can be distinguished: the first period is the period in which handicrafts are classified as the poor cousin of fine arts, under the dual high / low, in the second period coincides with the emergence of the arts movement and Handicrafts We see the closeness of the position of artist and master craftsman, and finally in the third period we have the emergence of creative industries, which on the one hand is associated with the concept of self (amateur) and on the other hand with the reproduction of discourse hegemony of high arts. Many academic writings have studied the emergence of these new models of creative economics in the light of Web 2 convergence culture. Research has shown that etsy, as a market place, blurs the line between professional and amateur work and complicates the work debate. The question that arises here is whether in today's world, handicrafts are moving towards the "post-professional period" in which the terms "amateur" and "professional" will lose their use. ? This is the starting point of the present article and it intends to answer this basic question through qualitative-exploratory studies and through this to address the position of modern handicrafts in Iran. For this purpose, two types of builders are separated from each other: professionals and amateurs. Each brigade has its own unique characteristics.
Future Studies
Mohammad Hoseini Moghadam; Mehrdad Hamidi
Abstract
the main question of this article is which scenarios in the future can lead to the development of interdisciplinary knowledge in the country's medical universities? Sub-questions are: What is the global experience in the development of interdisciplinary knowledge? What are the factors affecting ...
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the main question of this article is which scenarios in the future can lead to the development of interdisciplinary knowledge in the country's medical universities? Sub-questions are: What is the global experience in the development of interdisciplinary knowledge? What are the factors affecting the development of interdisciplinary knowledge in the scientific community of medical sciences in the country? The main approach of this article has been futures research and counting the factors affecting the development of interdisciplinary knowledge based on the participation of stakeholders and experts of the Iranian Society of Medical Sciences. The methods used in this research are: Documentary studies in order to get acquainted with global and national experiences, expert panel and motivation in order to collect data and validate research results and layered analysis of causes with the aim of identifying the opportunities facing the medical community in the development of interdisciplinary knowledge. First, interdisciplinary knowledge is identified in response to complex social issues rooted in the present and the future; Second, the development of interdisciplinary disciplines in the medical sciences requires a process of simultaneous top-down and bottom-up development of policy-making and action in the medical community; Third, building a favorable future for the development of interdisciplinary knowledge in the country's medical sciences requires attention to the facts that shape the subject at different levels from objective to subjective, and therefore, a range of short-term to long-term approaches, plans and actions to build objectivity (such as appropriate funding). It requires interdisciplinary knowledge and related mindsets (discourses, metaphors, and alternative myths).
Humanities
hamid asayesh; mahdi kamali; yahya arianmehr
Abstract
Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is the existence of many benefits that economic growth achieves. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous plans, the issue of growth and development must be considered In this ...
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Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is the existence of many benefits that economic growth achieves. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous plans, the issue of growth and development must be considered In this regard, special attention should be paid to the concept of land management and sub-sectors with advantages, such as tourism. Tourism as the fourth most lucrative industry in the world It has high economic and social benefits, the development of which is one of the cheapest methods of economic growth in the Seventh Development Plan. in this study, the effect of foreign tourism on the economic growth of Iran's provinces in general and the separation of 9 land management zones were studied. To be suggested as an important sub-section in the seventh plan if it has an effect And the possibility of policy-making by planning areas To achieve this, the data panel method and quarterly data collected from the Statistics Center of Iran and the Cultural Heritage Organization during the years 1389 to 1695 were used. The results showed that tourism has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of Iranian provinces The highest effect is in areas 5 and 8 of land management and the least effect is in area 6 of land management Therefore, in the seventh plan, special attention should be paid to capacity building in one sub-section.
Interdisciplinary
HossseinAli Ghajari; Fatemeh Hghparast
Abstract
One of the most important issues in the field of women's studies is their social health. Among the various variables, one of the variables affecting women's social health is their economic empowerment variable.The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between dimensions and ...
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One of the most important issues in the field of women's studies is their social health. Among the various variables, one of the variables affecting women's social health is their economic empowerment variable.The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between dimensions and components of economic empowerment with social health of female-headed households in self-help groups with non-self-help groups as an interdisciplinary topic.To examine the relationship between these two variables, the theories of social health and social empowerment have been used in combination.Research Method The present article is a survey and data collection tool, Keys questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire.The statistical population of this study is female-headed household members and non-members of self-help groups under the auspices of Tehran Welfare Organization and the sampling method is simple random.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS statistical software and the collected information was processed at both descriptive and inferential levels.Findings of this article show that the average score of the five dimensions of social health (social prosperity, social solidarity, social cohesion, social participation, social acceptance) in female-headed households in the self-help group is significantly higher at 95% confidence level than female-headed households in the non-self-employed group .Also, the average score of four dimensions of economic empowerment (savings power, loan repayment ability, job skills and asset acquisition) in female-headed households is higher than non-self-employed female-headed households, which is a significant difference in 95% confidence level.
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