Sociology
R. Yousefi Aghdam; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual ...
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The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual details) whereas for the data analysis, we applied the "thinking the way of thinking" technique (metaphorical analysis). The article is based on the fact that photography technology during the Qajar had been used as a cognitive model to describe the child and how he acquires the knowledge. The child is understood as a flexible and receptive category that records or captures their own perceptions (sensations) and hearings (movements). Seeing the child is passive and hence supervised object, and power (in the sense of fertility and the productivity of subjects) is exercised through photographic epistemology. Supervision means taking care of and controlling everything in the presence of the child; because the presence or "being in front of something" has found a theoretical meaning for children, that is, "impressionability" or imagery. The child records everything before him, like an automatic camera. The article traces the exercise of power through photographic epistemology in places where children are present (home, alleys, library and schools).
Maghsood Farasatkhah
Abstract
Interdisciplinarity is a sign of crisis in traditional approaches to the science, conventional models of planning and curriculum, and customary academic departments. The aim of this article is contextualizing of interdisciplinarization, its driving forces, capabilities, limitations, vulnerabilities and ...
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Interdisciplinarity is a sign of crisis in traditional approaches to the science, conventional models of planning and curriculum, and customary academic departments. The aim of this article is contextualizing of interdisciplinarization, its driving forces, capabilities, limitations, vulnerabilities and requirements; emphasizing the planning in higher education .The research method is qualitative meta-analysis. Eight factors have been studied as following: 1.functional and structural changes in science, 2.paradigmic evolutions, 3.changing information and communication technologies, 4.change of external expectations in science, 5.changes caused by demand pull, 6.globalization, 7.institutional changes and 8.technology factor. Capabilities and limitations of disciplinarily and Interdisciplinarity have been compared. Frontier science is a forerunner approach for developing the social world based on the knowledge, and this is not possible without interdisciplinarity paradigm and network view. In spite of that interdisciplinary fields have many efficiencies, we ought to be considerate in it due to its vulnerabilities. Seven strategic requirements for educational and research activities together with their executive mechanism have been found. Finally the interdisciplinarization need to a complex approach in the philosophy of science that synthesizes differences and similarities of the sciences.
