Mahdi Fatehrad; Mohammad Reza Jalilvand; Monireh Mohammadzade
Abstract
Purpose, although literature has focused on explaining theoretical background in the area of interdisciplinary studies, a few empirical studies has paid attention to the main reasons of performing interdisciplinary projects. To fill the research gap, current study tries to identify challenges and motivations ...
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Purpose, although literature has focused on explaining theoretical background in the area of interdisciplinary studies, a few empirical studies has paid attention to the main reasons of performing interdisciplinary projects. To fill the research gap, current study tries to identify challenges and motivations of interdisciplinary studies for researchers to participate in interdisciplinary projects. The main purposes of the research are: 1) identifying the challenges and motivations of interdisciplinary studies implying on interdisciplinary methodology, 2) determining the degree of importance of the above elements regarding interdisciplinary studies. Methodology, current study is an exploratory in terms of methodology, descriptive in terms of research design, and development in terms of purpose. This study employing an interdisciplinary team firstly investigated theoretical background and prior research on interdisciplinary studies, identified challenges and motivations of the studies. Secondly, a structured interview performed with five interdisciplinary researchers. To investigate the identified elements empirically, a self-administrated questionnaire was used based on the literature and interviews. The questionnaire was distributed among 64 researchers from different disciplines who had experienced interdisciplinary activities. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using LISREL and SPSS. Results indicated that recognized motivations except for public learning and satisfying psychological needs, and identified challenges have considerable effect on performing interdisciplinary studies.
Faez Dinparast; Ali Saeei
Abstract
The subject of this paper is reconstruction of public choice theory. The public choice theory, as the theoretical basis of modern political economy, has been criticized from different perspectives. This paper aims to find a way to redress the methodological defects of this theory by putting the public ...
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The subject of this paper is reconstruction of public choice theory. The public choice theory, as the theoretical basis of modern political economy, has been criticized from different perspectives. This paper aims to find a way to redress the methodological defects of this theory by putting the public choice theory in a structural background. In this paper, we have tried to introduce a combined theoretical system which is the result of the rational reconstruction of the public choice theory in Jessop’s strategic-relational theory from the critical realistic approach.
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi; Amir Hossein Kayzouri
Abstract
Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic ...
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Academic interdisciplinary sciences require their own standards of excellence. The purpose of this study is to design and develop evaluation quality indicators of academic interdisciplinary sciences by applying descriptive and analytical methods. In this regard, firstly, conceptual aspects and the basic components and principles of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences are identified. Accordingly, appropriate factors, criteria and indicators are developed. The statistical population of the research consists of documents in accessible databases and the research sample is specified through purposeful sampling method. The results indicate that the evaluation of academic interdisciplinary sciences should include five conceptual dimensions: multi-faceted issues, interdisciplinary insights, adhering to integrative process, Interdisciplinary understanding and interdisciplinary structure. Meanwhile it should also pay attention to five main factors: objectives, curriculum, teaching- learning process, faculty and management. Accordingly, in order to evaluate the quality of Academic Interdisciplinary Sciences, 5 factors, 14 criteria and 59 indicators are identified and designed in this study.
Saied manaf Hashemi; Mohammad hossein Boochani
Abstract
To achieve the progress and sustainable development its inevitable and necessary to pay attention to the local needs, decentralization, good governance, downsizing of government structures, adjustment of concentrated governance structures, division of national and local work and pay attention to the ...
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To achieve the progress and sustainable development its inevitable and necessary to pay attention to the local needs, decentralization, good governance, downsizing of government structures, adjustment of concentrated governance structures, division of national and local work and pay attention to the spatial rights. The current conditions of globalization have a strong convergence in one hand to the localization and on the other hand to the massive urbanization. Although the local management in Iran focusing on municipals have more than a hundred years precedent, but because of the political and institutional structure facing the government and parliament, and the reliance on oil revenues, has been instituted a centralized structure in management of country that conflicted with regional sustainable development and also regional and local governance and constitution. Continuing of this situation cause to major problems for the country and challenges for gaining sustainable development. This paper try to show and introducing the “decentralization as a basic model” to gaining to the comprehensive development; in the other words, decentralization as a development is the fundamental accepted model and on the base of this model we need to reorganizing the structures of executive and legislative in Iran. Methodology in this research is analytical, the needed data and information has gathered by documentary methods and elite meeting. The result of this research shows that there is the context of this paradigm and proposed model (decentralization as a basic model) But the development-oriented political believe and determination and foresight necessary to achieve optimal horizon. The realization of this model requires extensive structural and institutional changes in the governance of the country and this will not be achieved without political will and belief.
Mohammad Ali Tavana
Abstract
Jurgen Habermas is among thinkers of critical school that is hard to limit him to a domain specific knowledge. With research in his works , it becomes obvious that he belongs to the several cognitive domains such as philosophy ,sociology, psychology and linguistics simultaneously. Habermas bends ...
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Jurgen Habermas is among thinkers of critical school that is hard to limit him to a domain specific knowledge. With research in his works , it becomes obvious that he belongs to the several cognitive domains such as philosophy ,sociology, psychology and linguistics simultaneously. Habermas bends several scientific field for solving the human problems that result of it was the theory of self-confidence,and theory of communicative action. This two theory show synthesis from different knowledge. so theory of interdisciplinary is one of the main characteristics of critical theory of Jurgen Habermas for releasing modern society from domination of power and wealth. Hence, this article tries to show different knowledge sources (philosophy of mind, philosophy of history, critical philosophy, sociology of knowledge, political sociology,…) also represents how to integrate them in integrated and innovative approach. فه
Reza Mahdi
Abstract
Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity ...
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Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity in higher education. In recently half-century, interdisciplinary activities have had suitable outcomes and results for higher education system, industry and society. One of the most important interdisciplinary activities outcomes is inclination for designing and carrying out interdisciplinary activities by universities, industries, government, faculties, researchers and students. Iran's higher education and university system, the development of academic interdisciplinary towards defined goals and plan, so much success has not. With due consideration to importance and necessity of the interdisciplinary activities and existing challenges, by mixed qualitative research method, were investigated and analyzed why, what and how of interdisciplinary activities and its success factors and development requirements in universities. Finally, based on the study, six main factors and twelve key requirements for formation, growth and development of the interdisciplinary in higher education is derived and explained.
Interdisciplinary
R. Mahoozi; M. Etesami
Abstract
From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a ...
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From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a philosophical & mystic tradition, has, found its role in the minds of many different countries & cultures. Accordingly, the educational and scientific programs related to the contemporary traditionalism which is influenced by ideas of Seyed Hossein Nasr in Iran have been valid. This paper reviews the critics of thought, especially Seyed Hossein Nasr. The content & structure of modern science and scientific system corresponding to the alternative proposal are discussed in an interdisciplinary approach. Thus on the one hand, responding to the interdisciplinary approach of traditionalisms in contemporary world and on the other hand, alternatively returning to metaphysic tradition and not just the past, provides opportunity to understand the whole system of thought that includes the sciences such as philosophy, theology, mystic, history, psychology , art, politics and the Exacts science . In this article we will try to look at the future of science according to the critical view of Seyed Hossein Nasr towards scientific system. This approach argues that this scientific system is rooted in metaphysics an inversion of modern era.
Demography
F. Modiri; F. Tanha
Abstract
Due to persistence of fertility below the replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, this article focuses on the impact of security feeling on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and intending to have another child. Using data from married lifestyle survey, 1189 married ...
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Due to persistence of fertility below the replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, this article focuses on the impact of security feeling on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and intending to have another child. Using data from married lifestyle survey, 1189 married men and women in Tehran, in which, the woman with less than 50 years old and fertile were selected in a multi-stage clustering sampling method and used in the final analysis. The results showed that an average ideal children number in the respondents was more than two children (2.13%), the intended children number 1.91%, the number children ever born was less than the replacement level (1.41%) while 36.9% intended to have another child. There was a significant relationship between the feeling of security and the number of children ever born, ideal and intention. Logistic regression models have shown a significant effect of the feeling of security on childlessness or having one and two children. Policy suggestions in order to increase childbearing are based on a suitable context to reduce risky situations and increase the feeling of security in various economic, public, judicial and political domains, including job security and adequate income, political stability and immunity from any offense.
Saeid Safaeimovahedi; Mohammad Ataran
Abstract
Academic disciplines are like tribes, each of which has its own unique terrain, boundaries, norms and culture. Assuming this, Becher describes the culture of different academic disciplines. He believes that pure sciences are culturally competitive, politically well-organized, own high rate of publication ...
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Academic disciplines are like tribes, each of which has its own unique terrain, boundaries, norms and culture. Assuming this, Becher describes the culture of different academic disciplines. He believes that pure sciences are culturally competitive, politically well-organized, own high rate of publication and are task-oriented. On the other hand, applied social sciences are utilitarian, power- based, scientifically functional, culturally exogenous, situationally vague, aim to promote behaviors, and have low rate of publication. Based on this assumption, this study aims to explore the norms which affect two groups of M.A students in selecting their research supervisor, one group from an interdisciplinary field (Education) and the other from a pure field (Mathematics). The study was conducted within the qualitative framework, using phenomenological method. Semi-structured interviews were the main tools for gathering data. To acquire the needed data, 16 Education M.A students and 9 Mathematics M.A students from a renowned Tehran university were selected using purposeful sampling method. The results show that Education M.A students consider the following criteria when selecting a research supervisor: professors' behavioral traits, professors' status, academic criteria, non-academic criteria, possible support, and limitations. On the other side, Mathematics MA students consider some other different criteria when selecting a research supervisor as follow: research supervision style, professors' scientific qualities, professors' personality characteristics, non-academic criteria, limitations. A comparative exploration of the results within Gestaltian framework indicates that Mathematics MA students are influenced more by figure (academic dimensions of dissertation) when selecting their supervisor, while Education MA students are impacted by ground (expediency and relations) when choosing their supervisor.
7th Development Plan in Iran
M. Kamali; H. Asayesh; Y. Arianmehr
Abstract
Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is many benefits that accomplish economic growth. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous ones, the issue of growth and development must be taken into account. In this regard, ...
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Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is many benefits that accomplish economic growth. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous ones, the issue of growth and development must be taken into account. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the concept of land management and sub-sectors that have advantages such as tourism. Tourism as the fourth most lucrative industry in the world, has high economic and social benefits, the development of which is one of the least costly methods of economic growth in the Seventh Development Plan. And since Iran is one of the top 10 countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions and one of the top 15 countries in terms of tourism diversity and one of the top 8 in the world in terms of diversity of handicrafts whereas in terms of climate diversity on the one hand and the existence of unique historical and cultural sites on the other, it is one of the few countries that has an absolute advantage in attracting world tourism. Therefore, in this article, the effect of foreign tourism on the economic growth of Iran's provinces in general and the separation of 9 land management zones in particular were studied to be proposed as an important sub-section in the seventh plan with respect to impact and the possibility of policy-making for planned areas. To achieve this, the data panel method and quarterly data collected from the Statistics Center of Iran and the Cultural Heritage Organization during 2011 to 2018 were used. The results showed that tourism has had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in most provinces of Iran. The highest effect is in areas 4 and 5 and the least effect is in areas 8 and 9 of land management, respectively. Therefore, special attention should be paid to capacity building in this sub-section in the seventh plan.
Samira Moradzade; Hasanali Bakhtiar nasrabadi; Ali Sadeghi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was assessment and prioritized inter discipline of Najafabad azad and Isfahan universities. The statistical population of this study was teachers and avalable students in higher education of Najafabad azad & Isfahan universities in academic year 1388-89. ...
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The purpose of this study was assessment and prioritized inter discipline of Najafabad azad and Isfahan universities. The statistical population of this study was teachers and avalable students in higher education of Najafabad azad & Isfahan universities in academic year 1388-89. Research method was descriptive survey. The sample of this study was 105 that divided in two parts: 55 of teachers and 50 of students that selected in randomic technique. The research tool was aquestioniar that made with researcher. The finding showed that there are enough motive and tendency among teachers & students about inter discipline and only for 5 inter discipline terms of information resources, Educational space feasibility, culture and management is more feasibility. The prioritized inter discipline was show: Editorial, political and addiction psychology, philosophy analysis of the language & management of international contracts are the first priority & another inter discipline are the second priority.
Mohammad Reza Hatami; Hamed Roshanchashm
Abstract
Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues ...
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Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues and consequently he needs multidimensional and interdisciplinary understanding and approaches to solve them. The goal of this article is to study the nature of knowledge and then to analyze the necessity of interdisciplinary studies in humanities according to Habermas’s point of view, a known representative of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory. Using reliable texts and analytical methods, this study tries to answer to its main question, namely the nature of interdisciplinary approach in humanities. In the era ofmodernity, Habermas tries to show that the entirepart of humanmind abilitieshas been overcome by some of its part under the natural sciences and that it has prevented the recognition of the real world and created contrast between qualitative and quantitative methods in humanities. By criticizing the positivist approach and in the next step by proposing the theory of Communicative Action and Communicative Rationality, he emphasizes on the multidimensional nature of human knowledge and human issues and seeks to solve complex human issues through convergence and consensus on the ideal situation.
Language and Literature
Kh. Jalali Kohne Shahri; M. B. Alizadeh Aghdam
Abstract
Although increasing number of nose surgery, it's high costs and social damages today has become the most important subject in sociology and psychology, it has never been the subject of literary studies. The aim of this paper is to search the roots of nose surgery in Iran, relying on sociological studies. ...
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Although increasing number of nose surgery, it's high costs and social damages today has become the most important subject in sociology and psychology, it has never been the subject of literary studies. The aim of this paper is to search the roots of nose surgery in Iran, relying on sociological studies. Descriptive analytic and the library method was used for collecting the data. The scope of study includes the Iranian poetry and the frequency of the face parts used in them. We analyzed the subject in the Hafez sonnets as a valuable sample of Iranian literature.
Interdisciplinary
M. M. Raeesi
Abstract
In this research this question is addressed: are the physical-spatial changes in contemporary markets of Iran, as a pioneer in promoting the noble values of Islam, in accordance with Islamic principles and values? In this article, through an analysis of religious texts, using qualitative content analysis, ...
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In this research this question is addressed: are the physical-spatial changes in contemporary markets of Iran, as a pioneer in promoting the noble values of Islam, in accordance with Islamic principles and values? In this article, through an analysis of religious texts, using qualitative content analysis, four physical-spatial indicators are deduced for markets; these indicators include the need to mention spiritual truths in physical-spatial structure of market, avoiding the collective social spaces in the market, the alignment of physical market patterns with Islamic identity, and locating the market in meta-local situations. An interdisciplinary analysis was carried out which indicated that the decline in these indicators in contemporary markets is rooted in the contemporary intellectual foundations of the West, whose economic impacts have resulted in the liberal capitalist economic system; one of the most important features of this system is the promotion of the culture of consumerism and a decline in Islamic physical-spatial indicators in contemporary markets, which is in accordance with the requirements of this culture.
Interdisciplinary
B. Zandi; B. Ahmadi
Abstract
The present paper aimed to introduce cognitive socio-onomastics, an emerging scientific and research interdisciplinary and a branch of cognitive sociolinguistics. Onomastics has interested linguists as well as philosophers, historians, archeologists, anthropologists, and sociologists. Initially, onomastics ...
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The present paper aimed to introduce cognitive socio-onomastics, an emerging scientific and research interdisciplinary and a branch of cognitive sociolinguistics. Onomastics has interested linguists as well as philosophers, historians, archeologists, anthropologists, and sociologists. Initially, onomastics was a diachronic field and dealt with the etymology of names. However, sociolinguistics, taking a synchronic approach, brought onomastics to the arena of studying contemporary social relations. Since names are linguistic elements in the linguistic knowledge of the individual, formed in the course of his/her social interactions, they are considered vital elements in the study of language and identity. Also, names are part of the cognitive construction of individuals in societies with plenty of social and linguistic variations. Since neither sociolinguistics nor cognitive linguistics can explain the various aspects of names and naming, combining the knowledge of language and the knowledge of society leads to choosing words and linguistic structures in harmony with the social context. The discussion in the paper leads to the conclusion that "cognitive socio-onomastics," as a scientific research interdisciplinary with a mixed approach, account for both cognitive and social aspects of naming.
Seyed Abol hassan Riazi
Abstract
Interdisciplinary as a new approach to the problems of science and knowledge, has a wide range, but there is no consensus on its epistemological range and ontological domain. Among the different and various problems, there is a general agreement on “City” as a field of study as an interdisciplinary ...
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Interdisciplinary as a new approach to the problems of science and knowledge, has a wide range, but there is no consensus on its epistemological range and ontological domain. Among the different and various problems, there is a general agreement on “City” as a field of study as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. At least, three important disciplines, geography, architecture and social sciences, have engaged in analyzing this phenomenon by using each other’s methods, indicators, and objects. The extensive scientific branches of city have attracted the attentions of phenomenologists, engineers, economists, politicians, researchers of cultural studies, environment, and media. In this paper, the interdisciplinary aspect of city is reviewed by focusing on its connection with space, media, politics, economic and culture.
M. Movahed Majd; A. Gorgi
Abstract
In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined ...
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In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined as neutral and meaningless, which occurs in an unintended and non-scheduled way through workers or machines. A significant amount of the research carried out in this field, following the tradition of epidemiology and behavioral psychology and by reducing the problem of safety and work health to a technical issue, emphasizes the role of individuals’ risk factors and human error in the occurrence of accidents. These studies neglect social, economic, cultural and institutional contexts in the analysis of accidents and take no advantage of interdisciplinary findings, as a result of which such reports only provide a list of risk factors and the statistical distribution of events in terms of quantitative and demographic variables; thus, they disregard the process of the social construction of accidents and the problematic nature of the concept of accidents. Therefore, the present study intends to expose the limitations of safety sciences and its conventional technical approaches in the unilateral and one-dimensional explanation of work-related accidents. For this purpose, in this research, qualitative methodology has been used as the dominant methodology, and critical ethnography has been utilized for the research process, and also thematic analysis has been employed for data analysis. The findings of the study include seven main categories which are shown in the form of the social construction cycle of accidents. Finally, the results show that work-related accidents are mainly due to the conditions governing the organization, unequal power relations and workers’ experiences of work environment than carelessness and the individual and psychological characteristics of workers.
Nurooz Nimroozi Navokhi
Abstract
The aim of this research is survey of possibility Islamic Sociology Paradigm in recent situation in terms of lack of necessary agreement with acceptance of religious science among researchers, lack of philosophy of Islamic social sciences, lack of Islamic sociology and its scientific community ...
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The aim of this research is survey of possibility Islamic Sociology Paradigm in recent situation in terms of lack of necessary agreement with acceptance of religious science among researchers, lack of philosophy of Islamic social sciences, lack of Islamic sociology and its scientific community and finally others necessary circumstances for constitution of this paradigm. Principal question in here is how much the Islamic Sociology Paradigm is possible in changing context of current humanities (with western foundation and approach) to desired humanities (with Islamic foundation and approach) with consideration of posterior and coincidental emergence of paradigm in history of science? Theoretical framework here is Kuhn's theory in history and philosophy of science. Research method is documentary study in area of emergence of scientific paradigm via use of notation technique. Results show emergence of paradigm without critique and falsification current paradigms in coping with new needs and problems in scientific community has philosophic, logic and practical serious errors. In result, lack of acceptance of Islamic Sociology Paradigm as substitution paradigm among of scientific communities’ members in the world especially Islamic countries leads to impairments in thinking and faithful foundation of Islamic Sociology Paradigm.
Political Sciences
M. Ghaffari; A. Igder
Abstract
Considering widespread implication of development projects, it seems that development is the only solution for elimination of problems such as poverty, starvation, insecurity and eventually justice. Developmental state and good governance theory are two major development theories which formulate the ...
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Considering widespread implication of development projects, it seems that development is the only solution for elimination of problems such as poverty, starvation, insecurity and eventually justice. Developmental state and good governance theory are two major development theories which formulate the attainment of the mentioned goals. Developmental state theorists argue that development achievement requires a powerful state while supporters of the good governance idea, believe that development depends on elevating the governances quality and creation of trust between state and citizens. These two theories have many theoretical tensions. In this article we investigate such tensions and have come to the conclusion that developmental state and good governance theory have no discrepancies. Actually implementation and dissemination of good governance needs developmental state, in the other words, it is prerequisite for good governance.
F. Asghari
Abstract
What differentiates a scientific research study from a non-scientific one and makes it valid or non-valid is the research methodology. Methodological considerations, especially in studies such as gender studies, which are not generally covered in the framework of a special discipline, call for more precision ...
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What differentiates a scientific research study from a non-scientific one and makes it valid or non-valid is the research methodology. Methodological considerations, especially in studies such as gender studies, which are not generally covered in the framework of a special discipline, call for more precision and sensitivity due to their complicated nature and dimensions. Therefore, the present article, by examining the methodological aspects of the research carried out on the effect of the variable of gender on job satisfaction of faculty members and using qualitative approach and systematic review technique, tries to draw researchers’ attention to the necessity, importance and role of methodological considerations in making a deeper understanding and explanation of research possible, and providing a clear and precise answer in conformity with reality for problem-solving and fulfilling research objective. The findings of this study show that there are two main problems in the works of research studied here. One is ambiguity and lack of transparency in problem statement and research objective, and the other is tendency toward using a single (quantitative) research method without paying attention to differences in the nature and dimensions of fields of research. It seems that in fields such as gender studies, in order to gain a deeper understanding and a more valid and clear answer, adopting a combined approach will be a more reliable choice.
Philosophy of Educations
P. Najarian
Abstract
Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially ...
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Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially in education and curriculum development, it is necessary to describe its concepts and implications. The objective of this paper is to determine how the complexity theory and its implications can provide solutions for the current curriculum problems. This work presents a basic research approach, in which two philosophical research methods of “conceptual analysis: conceptual structure assessment” and “deductive method: practical syllogism” have been used. The results of this paper show that the application of philosophical features of the complexity theory can enable us to improve the current curriculums. Some of the implications of the complexity theory are: paying particular attention to the complex aspects of learners and their interactions with the universe; developing general mental abilities, applying trans-disciplinary approaches and problem-based curriculums, promoting contextualized knowledge and selecting educational resources and materials related to ecological problems; replacing distributed, participatory and negotiating knowledge with controlled-based and hierarchy-based one; promoting lifetime learning and distance learning, emphasizing learning through feedback, connection and network interaction by applying the new complex network-based technologies, and being prepared for continuous changes in unpredictable situations.
Saied Mojtaba Emami; Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzade; Hosein Khassaf mofrad
Abstract
By going through different definitions of public administration, we can generally consider it as: the implementing of managerial, political, and legal theories to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial mandates for the provision of governmental regulatory and service functions. By reviewing these ...
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By going through different definitions of public administration, we can generally consider it as: the implementing of managerial, political, and legal theories to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial mandates for the provision of governmental regulatory and service functions. By reviewing these definitions of public administration, this article states that interdisciplinarity is an inevitable concept of public administration's education and research in each government. Scanning and analysing pioneer courses of public administration in the world, shows that scholars of this area constantly were using different ways to achieve an interdisciplinary education in this field. For achieving it's real role of governing the Islamic state, the field of public administration in Iran should pay more attention and effort to interdisciplinary education. In this regard, by looking into current situation and style of curriculum planning of this field in Iran, the requirements of interdisciplinary curriculum planning are proposed in 7 different themes as: 1) team of curriculum planning, 2) goals of curriculum planning, 3) content and combination of curriculum, 4) integration approaches, 5) learning-teaching requirements, 6) evaluation methods of academic achievement and 7) curriculum evaluating methods. Also by considering recent innovative experience of Imam Sadiq university in Iran in this area, some implications are drawn to improve this important field in the country.
Sociology
Abstract
Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental ...
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Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental sociology relying on the ecological interpretation is to investigate the environmental problems with using sociological knowledge. Therefore, the new concept of ecological Citizenship is formed that focused on the functionality and responsibility and cultural capital is an important factor in improving citizens' responsibility. In this study, the relationship of ecological citizenship and cultural capital is investigated using the survey method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected. The findings show that, ecological citizenship with the 78.57% is relatively good. However, the cultural capital with 52.97% has been somewhat low. Pearson correlation test shows that there is a significant and positive correlation between cultural capital and its dimensions (except Institutionalized dimension) with ecological citizenship. Regression test results show that the three dimensions of cultural capital, could explain 7.4% of the variance of ecological citizenship.
Geography
H. Dadashpoor; F. Rostami
Abstract
The debate on planning and development to achieve it has always been a serious concern of the country. However, in spite of the efforts conducted, regional development has been associated with plenty of locks-in and barriers. The question of this article is why the Khuzestan region faces long-standing ...
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The debate on planning and development to achieve it has always been a serious concern of the country. However, in spite of the efforts conducted, regional development has been associated with plenty of locks-in and barriers. The question of this article is why the Khuzestan region faces long-standing problems despite its abundant resources and high development capacity. To answer this question, a model of a productive mechanism has been developed based on an idea, so that if these mechanisms are present and act as expected, then the reasons for the events and the current situation in the region will be explained. This paper has used reproductive logic within the frame of critical realism paradigm. It has a critical look at the subject in addition to the explanation. The explanatory model of this research has a core (the concept of extraction) that has created five other concepts (environmental drainage, economic monopoly; the center’s dominance in the same time the delegation of authorities from a political point of view; cultural dependence and social fiction with a zero-sum altogether from the social point of view). They, in aggregate, have formed the basis of regional development and the dominance of this thinking in the planning of the region over the past few decades, the mechanisms and rules that have been governing the lock-in and barriers of regional development. To address this problem, it is necessary to pay attention to integrated planning and change the extractive thinking in regional and national policy-making, planning and management.
Cultural Studies
L. Falahati; S.H. Hashemianfar
Abstract
Obviously, development is the outcome of culture, and the consideration of a developed society is impossible if its culture does not support development. Culture plays an important role in companies' competitiveness and productivity through shaping the organizational behavior pattern and norms. On the ...
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Obviously, development is the outcome of culture, and the consideration of a developed society is impossible if its culture does not support development. Culture plays an important role in companies' competitiveness and productivity through shaping the organizational behavior pattern and norms. On the other hand, the level of country or region development depends on the competitiveness of its companies, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural reasons of small share of Iranian SMEs in the market and their low competitiveness and productivity. Therefore, relationship between the productivity of active SMEs in Yazd textile industry and their employers’ culture was explored using Edgar Shine's "clinical approach" (2004) and Sariolghalam theory (2003). Pearson correlation test showed that there is not a statistically significant relationship between the productivity of these SMEs and their employers' culture. However, employers' interviews revealed that Lack of economic stability, prevalent smuggling of textile products, promotion of anti-employer mentality and misguided policies have an adverse effect on the behavior of customers and suppliers and render it impossible for the employer to make forecasts and calculations for running and developing the business.
