Mohammad Ali Tavana
Abstract
Jurgen Habermas is among thinkers of critical school that is hard to limit him to a domain specific knowledge. With research in his works , it becomes obvious that he belongs to the several cognitive domains such as philosophy ,sociology, psychology and linguistics simultaneously. Habermas bends ...
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Jurgen Habermas is among thinkers of critical school that is hard to limit him to a domain specific knowledge. With research in his works , it becomes obvious that he belongs to the several cognitive domains such as philosophy ,sociology, psychology and linguistics simultaneously. Habermas bends several scientific field for solving the human problems that result of it was the theory of self-confidence,and theory of communicative action. This two theory show synthesis from different knowledge. so theory of interdisciplinary is one of the main characteristics of critical theory of Jurgen Habermas for releasing modern society from domination of power and wealth. Hence, this article tries to show different knowledge sources (philosophy of mind, philosophy of history, critical philosophy, sociology of knowledge, political sociology,…) also represents how to integrate them in integrated and innovative approach. فه
Reza Mahdi
Abstract
Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity ...
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Knowledge-oriented social life, society needs and problems complexity, expectation from universities for social services, innovation and academic entrepreneurship, problem-solving, and enriching education and research activities have transformed interdisciplinary activities development to strategic necessity in higher education. In recently half-century, interdisciplinary activities have had suitable outcomes and results for higher education system, industry and society. One of the most important interdisciplinary activities outcomes is inclination for designing and carrying out interdisciplinary activities by universities, industries, government, faculties, researchers and students. Iran's higher education and university system, the development of academic interdisciplinary towards defined goals and plan, so much success has not. With due consideration to importance and necessity of the interdisciplinary activities and existing challenges, by mixed qualitative research method, were investigated and analyzed why, what and how of interdisciplinary activities and its success factors and development requirements in universities. Finally, based on the study, six main factors and twelve key requirements for formation, growth and development of the interdisciplinary in higher education is derived and explained.
Interdisciplinary
R. Mahoozi; M. Etesami
Abstract
From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a ...
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From the perspective of the new world through criticism, education & cultural manifestation, traditionalism as a strong intellectual current in the contemporary world wants to make new order in the field of culture ,science ,& education. .In the recent decade this current, which is based on a philosophical & mystic tradition, has, found its role in the minds of many different countries & cultures. Accordingly, the educational and scientific programs related to the contemporary traditionalism which is influenced by ideas of Seyed Hossein Nasr in Iran have been valid. This paper reviews the critics of thought, especially Seyed Hossein Nasr. The content & structure of modern science and scientific system corresponding to the alternative proposal are discussed in an interdisciplinary approach. Thus on the one hand, responding to the interdisciplinary approach of traditionalisms in contemporary world and on the other hand, alternatively returning to metaphysic tradition and not just the past, provides opportunity to understand the whole system of thought that includes the sciences such as philosophy, theology, mystic, history, psychology , art, politics and the Exacts science . In this article we will try to look at the future of science according to the critical view of Seyed Hossein Nasr towards scientific system. This approach argues that this scientific system is rooted in metaphysics an inversion of modern era.
Demography
F. Modiri; F. Tanha
Abstract
Due to persistence of fertility below the replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, this article focuses on the impact of security feeling on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and intending to have another child. Using data from married lifestyle survey, 1189 married ...
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Due to persistence of fertility below the replacement level and the need to identify relevant factors, this article focuses on the impact of security feeling on the number of children ever born, ideal, intention, and intending to have another child. Using data from married lifestyle survey, 1189 married men and women in Tehran, in which, the woman with less than 50 years old and fertile were selected in a multi-stage clustering sampling method and used in the final analysis. The results showed that an average ideal children number in the respondents was more than two children (2.13%), the intended children number 1.91%, the number children ever born was less than the replacement level (1.41%) while 36.9% intended to have another child. There was a significant relationship between the feeling of security and the number of children ever born, ideal and intention. Logistic regression models have shown a significant effect of the feeling of security on childlessness or having one and two children. Policy suggestions in order to increase childbearing are based on a suitable context to reduce risky situations and increase the feeling of security in various economic, public, judicial and political domains, including job security and adequate income, political stability and immunity from any offense.
Saeid Safaeimovahedi; Mohammad Ataran
Abstract
Academic disciplines are like tribes, each of which has its own unique terrain, boundaries, norms and culture. Assuming this, Becher describes the culture of different academic disciplines. He believes that pure sciences are culturally competitive, politically well-organized, own high rate of publication ...
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Academic disciplines are like tribes, each of which has its own unique terrain, boundaries, norms and culture. Assuming this, Becher describes the culture of different academic disciplines. He believes that pure sciences are culturally competitive, politically well-organized, own high rate of publication and are task-oriented. On the other hand, applied social sciences are utilitarian, power- based, scientifically functional, culturally exogenous, situationally vague, aim to promote behaviors, and have low rate of publication. Based on this assumption, this study aims to explore the norms which affect two groups of M.A students in selecting their research supervisor, one group from an interdisciplinary field (Education) and the other from a pure field (Mathematics). The study was conducted within the qualitative framework, using phenomenological method. Semi-structured interviews were the main tools for gathering data. To acquire the needed data, 16 Education M.A students and 9 Mathematics M.A students from a renowned Tehran university were selected using purposeful sampling method. The results show that Education M.A students consider the following criteria when selecting a research supervisor: professors' behavioral traits, professors' status, academic criteria, non-academic criteria, possible support, and limitations. On the other side, Mathematics MA students consider some other different criteria when selecting a research supervisor as follow: research supervision style, professors' scientific qualities, professors' personality characteristics, non-academic criteria, limitations. A comparative exploration of the results within Gestaltian framework indicates that Mathematics MA students are influenced more by figure (academic dimensions of dissertation) when selecting their supervisor, while Education MA students are impacted by ground (expediency and relations) when choosing their supervisor.
7th Development Plan in Iran
M. Kamali; H. Asayesh; Y. Arianmehr
Abstract
Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is many benefits that accomplish economic growth. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous ones, the issue of growth and development must be taken into account. In this regard, ...
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Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is many benefits that accomplish economic growth. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous ones, the issue of growth and development must be taken into account. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the concept of land management and sub-sectors that have advantages such as tourism. Tourism as the fourth most lucrative industry in the world, has high economic and social benefits, the development of which is one of the least costly methods of economic growth in the Seventh Development Plan. And since Iran is one of the top 10 countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions and one of the top 15 countries in terms of tourism diversity and one of the top 8 in the world in terms of diversity of handicrafts whereas in terms of climate diversity on the one hand and the existence of unique historical and cultural sites on the other, it is one of the few countries that has an absolute advantage in attracting world tourism. Therefore, in this article, the effect of foreign tourism on the economic growth of Iran's provinces in general and the separation of 9 land management zones in particular were studied to be proposed as an important sub-section in the seventh plan with respect to impact and the possibility of policy-making for planned areas. To achieve this, the data panel method and quarterly data collected from the Statistics Center of Iran and the Cultural Heritage Organization during 2011 to 2018 were used. The results showed that tourism has had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in most provinces of Iran. The highest effect is in areas 4 and 5 and the least effect is in areas 8 and 9 of land management, respectively. Therefore, special attention should be paid to capacity building in this sub-section in the seventh plan.
Samira Moradzade; Hasanali Bakhtiar nasrabadi; Ali Sadeghi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was assessment and prioritized inter discipline of Najafabad azad and Isfahan universities. The statistical population of this study was teachers and avalable students in higher education of Najafabad azad & Isfahan universities in academic year 1388-89. ...
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The purpose of this study was assessment and prioritized inter discipline of Najafabad azad and Isfahan universities. The statistical population of this study was teachers and avalable students in higher education of Najafabad azad & Isfahan universities in academic year 1388-89. Research method was descriptive survey. The sample of this study was 105 that divided in two parts: 55 of teachers and 50 of students that selected in randomic technique. The research tool was aquestioniar that made with researcher. The finding showed that there are enough motive and tendency among teachers & students about inter discipline and only for 5 inter discipline terms of information resources, Educational space feasibility, culture and management is more feasibility. The prioritized inter discipline was show: Editorial, political and addiction psychology, philosophy analysis of the language & management of international contracts are the first priority & another inter discipline are the second priority.
Mohammad Reza Hatami; Hamed Roshanchashm
Abstract
Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues ...
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Interdisciplinary study is a type of science which has become necessary after the shortcomings of specialization were found in science. Thus, we can say one reason that today the tendency is toward interdisciplinary, is specialization. Today mankind is facing complicated and multidimensional issues and consequently he needs multidimensional and interdisciplinary understanding and approaches to solve them. The goal of this article is to study the nature of knowledge and then to analyze the necessity of interdisciplinary studies in humanities according to Habermas’s point of view, a known representative of the Frankfurt School and Critical Theory. Using reliable texts and analytical methods, this study tries to answer to its main question, namely the nature of interdisciplinary approach in humanities. In the era ofmodernity, Habermas tries to show that the entirepart of humanmind abilitieshas been overcome by some of its part under the natural sciences and that it has prevented the recognition of the real world and created contrast between qualitative and quantitative methods in humanities. By criticizing the positivist approach and in the next step by proposing the theory of Communicative Action and Communicative Rationality, he emphasizes on the multidimensional nature of human knowledge and human issues and seeks to solve complex human issues through convergence and consensus on the ideal situation.
Language and Literature
Kh. Jalali Kohne Shahri; M. B. Alizadeh Aghdam
Abstract
Although increasing number of nose surgery, it's high costs and social damages today has become the most important subject in sociology and psychology, it has never been the subject of literary studies. The aim of this paper is to search the roots of nose surgery in Iran, relying on sociological studies. ...
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Although increasing number of nose surgery, it's high costs and social damages today has become the most important subject in sociology and psychology, it has never been the subject of literary studies. The aim of this paper is to search the roots of nose surgery in Iran, relying on sociological studies. Descriptive analytic and the library method was used for collecting the data. The scope of study includes the Iranian poetry and the frequency of the face parts used in them. We analyzed the subject in the Hafez sonnets as a valuable sample of Iranian literature.
Interdisciplinary
M. M. Raeesi
Abstract
In this research this question is addressed: are the physical-spatial changes in contemporary markets of Iran, as a pioneer in promoting the noble values of Islam, in accordance with Islamic principles and values? In this article, through an analysis of religious texts, using qualitative content analysis, ...
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In this research this question is addressed: are the physical-spatial changes in contemporary markets of Iran, as a pioneer in promoting the noble values of Islam, in accordance with Islamic principles and values? In this article, through an analysis of religious texts, using qualitative content analysis, four physical-spatial indicators are deduced for markets; these indicators include the need to mention spiritual truths in physical-spatial structure of market, avoiding the collective social spaces in the market, the alignment of physical market patterns with Islamic identity, and locating the market in meta-local situations. An interdisciplinary analysis was carried out which indicated that the decline in these indicators in contemporary markets is rooted in the contemporary intellectual foundations of the West, whose economic impacts have resulted in the liberal capitalist economic system; one of the most important features of this system is the promotion of the culture of consumerism and a decline in Islamic physical-spatial indicators in contemporary markets, which is in accordance with the requirements of this culture.
Interdisciplinary
B. Zandi; B. Ahmadi
Abstract
The present paper aimed to introduce cognitive socio-onomastics, an emerging scientific and research interdisciplinary and a branch of cognitive sociolinguistics. Onomastics has interested linguists as well as philosophers, historians, archeologists, anthropologists, and sociologists. Initially, onomastics ...
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The present paper aimed to introduce cognitive socio-onomastics, an emerging scientific and research interdisciplinary and a branch of cognitive sociolinguistics. Onomastics has interested linguists as well as philosophers, historians, archeologists, anthropologists, and sociologists. Initially, onomastics was a diachronic field and dealt with the etymology of names. However, sociolinguistics, taking a synchronic approach, brought onomastics to the arena of studying contemporary social relations. Since names are linguistic elements in the linguistic knowledge of the individual, formed in the course of his/her social interactions, they are considered vital elements in the study of language and identity. Also, names are part of the cognitive construction of individuals in societies with plenty of social and linguistic variations. Since neither sociolinguistics nor cognitive linguistics can explain the various aspects of names and naming, combining the knowledge of language and the knowledge of society leads to choosing words and linguistic structures in harmony with the social context. The discussion in the paper leads to the conclusion that "cognitive socio-onomastics," as a scientific research interdisciplinary with a mixed approach, account for both cognitive and social aspects of naming.
Seyed Abol hassan Riazi
Abstract
Interdisciplinary as a new approach to the problems of science and knowledge, has a wide range, but there is no consensus on its epistemological range and ontological domain. Among the different and various problems, there is a general agreement on “City” as a field of study as an interdisciplinary ...
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Interdisciplinary as a new approach to the problems of science and knowledge, has a wide range, but there is no consensus on its epistemological range and ontological domain. Among the different and various problems, there is a general agreement on “City” as a field of study as an interdisciplinary phenomenon. At least, three important disciplines, geography, architecture and social sciences, have engaged in analyzing this phenomenon by using each other’s methods, indicators, and objects. The extensive scientific branches of city have attracted the attentions of phenomenologists, engineers, economists, politicians, researchers of cultural studies, environment, and media. In this paper, the interdisciplinary aspect of city is reviewed by focusing on its connection with space, media, politics, economic and culture.
M. Movahed Majd; A. Gorgi
Abstract
In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined ...
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In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined as neutral and meaningless, which occurs in an unintended and non-scheduled way through workers or machines. A significant amount of the research carried out in this field, following the tradition of epidemiology and behavioral psychology and by reducing the problem of safety and work health to a technical issue, emphasizes the role of individuals’ risk factors and human error in the occurrence of accidents. These studies neglect social, economic, cultural and institutional contexts in the analysis of accidents and take no advantage of interdisciplinary findings, as a result of which such reports only provide a list of risk factors and the statistical distribution of events in terms of quantitative and demographic variables; thus, they disregard the process of the social construction of accidents and the problematic nature of the concept of accidents. Therefore, the present study intends to expose the limitations of safety sciences and its conventional technical approaches in the unilateral and one-dimensional explanation of work-related accidents. For this purpose, in this research, qualitative methodology has been used as the dominant methodology, and critical ethnography has been utilized for the research process, and also thematic analysis has been employed for data analysis. The findings of the study include seven main categories which are shown in the form of the social construction cycle of accidents. Finally, the results show that work-related accidents are mainly due to the conditions governing the organization, unequal power relations and workers’ experiences of work environment than carelessness and the individual and psychological characteristics of workers.
Nurooz Nimroozi Navokhi
Abstract
The aim of this research is survey of possibility Islamic Sociology Paradigm in recent situation in terms of lack of necessary agreement with acceptance of religious science among researchers, lack of philosophy of Islamic social sciences, lack of Islamic sociology and its scientific community ...
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The aim of this research is survey of possibility Islamic Sociology Paradigm in recent situation in terms of lack of necessary agreement with acceptance of religious science among researchers, lack of philosophy of Islamic social sciences, lack of Islamic sociology and its scientific community and finally others necessary circumstances for constitution of this paradigm. Principal question in here is how much the Islamic Sociology Paradigm is possible in changing context of current humanities (with western foundation and approach) to desired humanities (with Islamic foundation and approach) with consideration of posterior and coincidental emergence of paradigm in history of science? Theoretical framework here is Kuhn's theory in history and philosophy of science. Research method is documentary study in area of emergence of scientific paradigm via use of notation technique. Results show emergence of paradigm without critique and falsification current paradigms in coping with new needs and problems in scientific community has philosophic, logic and practical serious errors. In result, lack of acceptance of Islamic Sociology Paradigm as substitution paradigm among of scientific communities’ members in the world especially Islamic countries leads to impairments in thinking and faithful foundation of Islamic Sociology Paradigm.
Political Sciences
M. Ghaffari; A. Igder
Abstract
Considering widespread implication of development projects, it seems that development is the only solution for elimination of problems such as poverty, starvation, insecurity and eventually justice. Developmental state and good governance theory are two major development theories which formulate the ...
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Considering widespread implication of development projects, it seems that development is the only solution for elimination of problems such as poverty, starvation, insecurity and eventually justice. Developmental state and good governance theory are two major development theories which formulate the attainment of the mentioned goals. Developmental state theorists argue that development achievement requires a powerful state while supporters of the good governance idea, believe that development depends on elevating the governances quality and creation of trust between state and citizens. These two theories have many theoretical tensions. In this article we investigate such tensions and have come to the conclusion that developmental state and good governance theory have no discrepancies. Actually implementation and dissemination of good governance needs developmental state, in the other words, it is prerequisite for good governance.
F. Asghari
Abstract
What differentiates a scientific research study from a non-scientific one and makes it valid or non-valid is the research methodology. Methodological considerations, especially in studies such as gender studies, which are not generally covered in the framework of a special discipline, call for more precision ...
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What differentiates a scientific research study from a non-scientific one and makes it valid or non-valid is the research methodology. Methodological considerations, especially in studies such as gender studies, which are not generally covered in the framework of a special discipline, call for more precision and sensitivity due to their complicated nature and dimensions. Therefore, the present article, by examining the methodological aspects of the research carried out on the effect of the variable of gender on job satisfaction of faculty members and using qualitative approach and systematic review technique, tries to draw researchers’ attention to the necessity, importance and role of methodological considerations in making a deeper understanding and explanation of research possible, and providing a clear and precise answer in conformity with reality for problem-solving and fulfilling research objective. The findings of this study show that there are two main problems in the works of research studied here. One is ambiguity and lack of transparency in problem statement and research objective, and the other is tendency toward using a single (quantitative) research method without paying attention to differences in the nature and dimensions of fields of research. It seems that in fields such as gender studies, in order to gain a deeper understanding and a more valid and clear answer, adopting a combined approach will be a more reliable choice.
Philosophy of Educations
P. Najarian
Abstract
Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially ...
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Complexity theory is a new theory originally introduced in natural sciences; however, recently it has been widely used in social sciences, and has been of great interest to educators in the last two decades. Since complexity theory is yet fairly unknown in the majority of fields of science in Iran, especially in education and curriculum development, it is necessary to describe its concepts and implications. The objective of this paper is to determine how the complexity theory and its implications can provide solutions for the current curriculum problems. This work presents a basic research approach, in which two philosophical research methods of “conceptual analysis: conceptual structure assessment” and “deductive method: practical syllogism” have been used. The results of this paper show that the application of philosophical features of the complexity theory can enable us to improve the current curriculums. Some of the implications of the complexity theory are: paying particular attention to the complex aspects of learners and their interactions with the universe; developing general mental abilities, applying trans-disciplinary approaches and problem-based curriculums, promoting contextualized knowledge and selecting educational resources and materials related to ecological problems; replacing distributed, participatory and negotiating knowledge with controlled-based and hierarchy-based one; promoting lifetime learning and distance learning, emphasizing learning through feedback, connection and network interaction by applying the new complex network-based technologies, and being prepared for continuous changes in unpredictable situations.
Saied Mojtaba Emami; Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzade; Hosein Khassaf mofrad
Abstract
By going through different definitions of public administration, we can generally consider it as: the implementing of managerial, political, and legal theories to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial mandates for the provision of governmental regulatory and service functions. By reviewing these ...
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By going through different definitions of public administration, we can generally consider it as: the implementing of managerial, political, and legal theories to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial mandates for the provision of governmental regulatory and service functions. By reviewing these definitions of public administration, this article states that interdisciplinarity is an inevitable concept of public administration's education and research in each government. Scanning and analysing pioneer courses of public administration in the world, shows that scholars of this area constantly were using different ways to achieve an interdisciplinary education in this field. For achieving it's real role of governing the Islamic state, the field of public administration in Iran should pay more attention and effort to interdisciplinary education. In this regard, by looking into current situation and style of curriculum planning of this field in Iran, the requirements of interdisciplinary curriculum planning are proposed in 7 different themes as: 1) team of curriculum planning, 2) goals of curriculum planning, 3) content and combination of curriculum, 4) integration approaches, 5) learning-teaching requirements, 6) evaluation methods of academic achievement and 7) curriculum evaluating methods. Also by considering recent innovative experience of Imam Sadiq university in Iran in this area, some implications are drawn to improve this important field in the country.
Sociology
Abstract
Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental ...
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Industrial and technological development of Societies and changing land use patterns and mismanagement in harnessing more of the nature, caused to vulnerability of lifecycle, plant and animal organisms and natural landscapes and so formation of sustainable society is in trouble. In this regard, environmental sociology relying on the ecological interpretation is to investigate the environmental problems with using sociological knowledge. Therefore, the new concept of ecological Citizenship is formed that focused on the functionality and responsibility and cultural capital is an important factor in improving citizens' responsibility. In this study, the relationship of ecological citizenship and cultural capital is investigated using the survey method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected. The findings show that, ecological citizenship with the 78.57% is relatively good. However, the cultural capital with 52.97% has been somewhat low. Pearson correlation test shows that there is a significant and positive correlation between cultural capital and its dimensions (except Institutionalized dimension) with ecological citizenship. Regression test results show that the three dimensions of cultural capital, could explain 7.4% of the variance of ecological citizenship.
Geography
H. Dadashpoor; F. Rostami
Abstract
The debate on planning and development to achieve it has always been a serious concern of the country. However, in spite of the efforts conducted, regional development has been associated with plenty of locks-in and barriers. The question of this article is why the Khuzestan region faces long-standing ...
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The debate on planning and development to achieve it has always been a serious concern of the country. However, in spite of the efforts conducted, regional development has been associated with plenty of locks-in and barriers. The question of this article is why the Khuzestan region faces long-standing problems despite its abundant resources and high development capacity. To answer this question, a model of a productive mechanism has been developed based on an idea, so that if these mechanisms are present and act as expected, then the reasons for the events and the current situation in the region will be explained. This paper has used reproductive logic within the frame of critical realism paradigm. It has a critical look at the subject in addition to the explanation. The explanatory model of this research has a core (the concept of extraction) that has created five other concepts (environmental drainage, economic monopoly; the center’s dominance in the same time the delegation of authorities from a political point of view; cultural dependence and social fiction with a zero-sum altogether from the social point of view). They, in aggregate, have formed the basis of regional development and the dominance of this thinking in the planning of the region over the past few decades, the mechanisms and rules that have been governing the lock-in and barriers of regional development. To address this problem, it is necessary to pay attention to integrated planning and change the extractive thinking in regional and national policy-making, planning and management.
Cultural Studies
L. Falahati; S.H. Hashemianfar
Abstract
Obviously, development is the outcome of culture, and the consideration of a developed society is impossible if its culture does not support development. Culture plays an important role in companies' competitiveness and productivity through shaping the organizational behavior pattern and norms. On the ...
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Obviously, development is the outcome of culture, and the consideration of a developed society is impossible if its culture does not support development. Culture plays an important role in companies' competitiveness and productivity through shaping the organizational behavior pattern and norms. On the other hand, the level of country or region development depends on the competitiveness of its companies, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural reasons of small share of Iranian SMEs in the market and their low competitiveness and productivity. Therefore, relationship between the productivity of active SMEs in Yazd textile industry and their employers’ culture was explored using Edgar Shine's "clinical approach" (2004) and Sariolghalam theory (2003). Pearson correlation test showed that there is not a statistically significant relationship between the productivity of these SMEs and their employers' culture. However, employers' interviews revealed that Lack of economic stability, prevalent smuggling of textile products, promotion of anti-employer mentality and misguided policies have an adverse effect on the behavior of customers and suppliers and render it impossible for the employer to make forecasts and calculations for running and developing the business.
Sociology
Sh. Shafiee; M. R. Boromand; Kazem Hojabri; S. Salkhi
Abstract
Participation in physical activity and taking an active lifestyle, depend on the nature of social relationships and internalize the experiences of others, especially significant others.So the aim of this study was to survey the relationship between some factors of socialization of youthathletes of Rasht ...
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Participation in physical activity and taking an active lifestyle, depend on the nature of social relationships and internalize the experiences of others, especially significant others.So the aim of this study was to survey the relationship between some factors of socialization of youthathletes of Rasht with the growth sport participation from sociological and physical education perspective.This was a descriptive-survey study. The population included all 15-29 years old youth athlete in Rasht (55807 people).The sample size was400 peoplewho selected through stratified (selecting active athletic fields) and random (selecting athletes and sports clubs) sampling method.The instrument was a researchers-made questionnaire designed based on questionnaires Parsamhr (1389) and Shamsi (1390).Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by ten professors of physical education in University of Guilan and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0/88.Descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. The results showed that all aspects of socialization are positive and significant relationship with the development of sport participation. Final model of study showed that the weight regression of three factors of sports rate in the family; support family members and the school and teachers, respectively 89/0, 80/0 and 62/0 is the greatest impact factor. Based on the result it seems the family support, either verbal or participation of parents in physical activity, have a major impact on sports participation of childrens.
Behavioral Sciences
M. Motavaseli; E. Razaghi; M.H. Hadi
Abstract
This paper sets out to present a better understanding of the economic approach to the analysis of addictive behavior. Addiction, in accordance with the standard definitions, is a consumption behavior, which follows certain behavioral patterns. Based on recent neuroscience researches on addiction, there ...
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This paper sets out to present a better understanding of the economic approach to the analysis of addictive behavior. Addiction, in accordance with the standard definitions, is a consumption behavior, which follows certain behavioral patterns. Based on recent neuroscience researches on addiction, there is now a wide consensus regarding how the consumption of addictive substances affects the neural mechanisms of decision-making. These findings, next to strong supports from psychological patterns of addictive behavior, have led to a better understanding of the nature of addiction. The development of this understanding to required policies in the field of addiction, meets what we expect from the economic approach to the analysis of addictive behavior. By defining welfare criteria for consumers, the application of economic theory in this analysis helps developing policies that are measurable and comparable in terms of achieving their goals. Accordingly, the behavioral economic approach to addictive behavior helps assimilating qualitative concepts and insights of relevant disciplines into a quantitative analytical framework of making decision as to addictive consumption. This is particularly important for generating a more rigorous, and at the same time comprehensive toolkit for making policies that are seeking to reduce the harms of addiction. On this basis, in this paper, we have attempted to explain why behavioral economics is an analytical framework suitable for extracting requisite policy implications in the field of addiction.
COVID-19 Crisis
Y. Mohamadifar; S. Amiri
Abstract
The emergence of some prominent political, economic, social, and biological crises plays a vital role in changing the behavior of human society. In this regard, the preventive and controlling actions of the Corona crisis, which require a comprehensive, systematic and multidimensional approach, have led ...
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The emergence of some prominent political, economic, social, and biological crises plays a vital role in changing the behavior of human society. In this regard, the preventive and controlling actions of the Corona crisis, which require a comprehensive, systematic and multidimensional approach, have led to changes in consumers’ purchasing behavior. What is important in this regard is the need to use an interdisciplinary perspective (economics, management, marketing, psychology and sociology) to understand this complex phenomenon. To this end, this article has been conducted using a qualitative approach and with the aim of modeling consumer purchasing behavior in the condition of the Corona virus (COVID-19) crisis, with a multidimensional approach. The methods include of: review of specialized databases, observation, and in-depth interviews with 28 key informants that validity and reliability of them had been confirmed, were used for data gathering. Results showed that the predictive model of the demand situation for Corona's post-crisis goods or services depends on 3 indicators: "the nature of the good or service" and "the level of human interaction in exchange" as well as "income level". Moreover, complete deletion; delayed purchase; purchase substitution; and the relative decline in purchases are the four behavioral categories that consumers adopt during the Corona Crisis, and this model depends on a variety of variables. Finally, the necessary recommendations, with an approach influenced by different areas of knowledge, were presented in the form of a model during the Corona crisis in line with changes in the marketing mix (4P).
Sociology
M.R. Kolahi
Abstract
According to prevalent narratives, firstly, the Iranian revolution was the outcome of the dominance of the religious-traditional part of the society over the modern part. And secondly, it was the same religious-traditional section that took power and had their sway over the Iranian society after the ...
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According to prevalent narratives, firstly, the Iranian revolution was the outcome of the dominance of the religious-traditional part of the society over the modern part. And secondly, it was the same religious-traditional section that took power and had their sway over the Iranian society after the victory of the revolution. This article wants to challenge both of these narratives. From this article’s perspective, the religious-traditional section of pre-revolutionary Iran itself can be divided into political and non-political parts. The discourse of “political Islam” was different from those of traditional and conservative ones which prevailed among large parts of the religion-oriented population of Iran. But the second and more important point is that even the pre-revolution discourse of political Islam did not remain the same, after the revolution and with the establishment of the Islamic Republic in the 1980s. It was found that during the post-revolutionary era, a new discourse was emerging as a result of the conjuncture of the event of war and “Imam Khomeini’s charisma”. This discourse shaped an ideology that gave legitimacy to the Islamic Republic in the sixties, inevitably demanded obedient and conservative subjects and could not remain the same discourse that nurtured rebellious revolutionary subjects prior to the revolution.
