Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani; Mohammad Reza Esmaeili
Abstract
Islamic Economics can be taken as an integrated science which is so considered in recent years based on codified methods for integration of bi-disciplinary. These methods that are used in accordance with integration of bi-disciplinary approach in global academic sessions, can be categorized as: Parallel ...
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Islamic Economics can be taken as an integrated science which is so considered in recent years based on codified methods for integration of bi-disciplinary. These methods that are used in accordance with integration of bi-disciplinary approach in global academic sessions, can be categorized as: Parallel Disciplinary Approach, Multi-Disciplinary Approach, and Supra/Trans-Disciplinary Approach. Nevertheless integrated approaches already drew attention of so many experts as the most designated basis of Islamic economics design model. But, there is a significant issue that is natural difference of Islam and economics as two integrated disciplines. So that economics is a human science while Islam is a divine religion. Therefore mentioned methods have not any compatibility in Islamic economics science and needs deep understanding of islamic concepts (power of Ijtihad) as the complementary element. From the point view of the method, this research based on approaches of bi-disciplinary integration, while tries to propose its analysis about necessity of deep understanding of Islam, proves that in spite of difference in difficulty level of applying those approaches, deep understanding of Islam in any approach is vital, and direct joining of these two disciplines is not possible unless to be done by an expert one and this expertise cannot be accomplished unless with Ijtihad, comprehending in religion and this issue can be applicable and possible with due to different level of exegesis in shia fighh.
Shima Shasti; Mohammad Mansoor Falamaki
Abstract
Human’s house is a place reflects a sign of individual/ universal self. This claim is true in every society, and so it is in Iran. By speaking about the relation between Iranian life style and physical form of house, undoubtedly we consider various elements and constituents required ...
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Human’s house is a place reflects a sign of individual/ universal self. This claim is true in every society, and so it is in Iran. By speaking about the relation between Iranian life style and physical form of house, undoubtedly we consider various elements and constituents required interdisciplinary investigation. This affinity between life style and architecture has close relation with cotemporary Iranian identity and thereby discussion of formation of a special type of “individuality” followed by modern transformations. In case of claiming that everyday life is not just a fixed domain of affairs based on habit, it is possible to study Iranian’s way of dwelling and their formation to the housing during time. This formation may create issue that within struggle of action and reaction repeatedly impact. This article by using concepts such as: Iranian individuality and everyday life at complicated society of Iran makes clear characteristics of lifestyle in Iran and housing form and studies relationship between them within a descriptiveanalytical method. In this article we consider how when a person faces with events, in Iranian society in broadness of time, in the process of determining Iranian individuality in everyday life, his conscious or unconscious choices form his principles and significant habits and finally his lifestyle and this specific lifestyle demands its specific housing form.
Linguistics
A. Reza Gholi Famian
Abstract
The hard/soft as well as disciplinary/interdisciplinary divides have been interesting topics in the history and philosophy of science. In this study, these two divides will be revisited in the light of the sub-genre, "article title". The article title is the initial section of any article that readers ...
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The hard/soft as well as disciplinary/interdisciplinary divides have been interesting topics in the history and philosophy of science. In this study, these two divides will be revisited in the light of the sub-genre, "article title". The article title is the initial section of any article that readers encounter and decide whether they continue to follow the text. To conduct the study, 6000 article titles (3000 Persian and 3000 English titles) published in peer-reviewed and ISI journals in 12 disciplines and interdisciplinaries have been collected and their length as well as the frequency of three punctuation marks, i.e. colon (:), comma (,) and question mark (?) are counted. It is revealed that 72281 words make the whole corpus with 12 words as average for each title. The Persian titles are reported longer than English ones, whereas the frequency of three punctuation marks is higher in English corpus. The results indicate that the research article titles have become longer during years and decades both in Persian and English. In sum, the findings confirm that the previous scholars' position on the rigidness of hard/soft as well as disciplinary/interdisciplinary divides are also acceptable in sub-genres such as article titles.
Psychology
K. Rashid; F. Taheri; M. Yarmohammadi Vasel; K. Karimi
Abstract
Well-being is one of the structures that is seriously considered in positive psychology and sensitive to the environmental aesthetic whose apprehension could affect people's health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic intelligence and ...
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Well-being is one of the structures that is seriously considered in positive psychology and sensitive to the environmental aesthetic whose apprehension could affect people's health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic intelligence and psychological well-being by mediating aesthetic sensitivity. The research method applied is correlational using a structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all students in Bu-Ali Sina University in the academic year of 2018-2019, and based on the suggested size for structural equation modeling, 384 students were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study were Ryff Well-being Scale (2002), Rashid et. al (2017) Aesthetic Intelligence Scale and Abdolmaleki (2013) Aesthetic Sensitivity Scale. The results of structural equations showed that aesthetic intelligence and aesthetic sensitivity had a significant direct effect on psychological well-being. Aesthetic intelligence also had a direct significant effect on aesthetic sensitivity. The results of indirect relationships showed that aesthetic intelligence by mediating aesthetic sensitivity had a significant effect on psychological well-being. Based on the results, it can be concluded that sensitivity to beauties of the environment and their apprehension has a positive effect on people's psychological well-being. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and strengthen aesthetics in individuals, well-being can be expected to increase.
S. Esmaalizade; R. M. Sahraee
Abstract
The main goal of a writer, when he/she writes a text, is to draw the reader’s attention to the text, and to make them converge with it. Therefore, a reading text includes an interaction between the writer and the reader. This interaction in instructional texts leads to a better learning by the ...
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The main goal of a writer, when he/she writes a text, is to draw the reader’s attention to the text, and to make them converge with it. Therefore, a reading text includes an interaction between the writer and the reader. This interaction in instructional texts leads to a better learning by the language learners.There are some markers in the reading texts that create an interaction between the writer and the reader,and lead to a better comprehensionbythe reader of the text he/she is reading and a more detailed understanding.The use of these interactional markers in texts is an undeniable necessity. This study investigates the frequency of using these markers in Persian and English written texts by native speakers of Persian and non-Persians within the Hyland’sInteractional Model (Hyland, 2005), and analyzes the method of interaction between the writer and the reader in 3 categories of scientific articles (Persian articles by native speakers of Persian,Persian articles by nonnative speakers of Persian, English articles by non-Persians).This study is both quantitative and qualitative. The analysis of the data shows that the highest use of interactional markers in the whole corpus is in “personal asides” and the lowest use is in “interrogative sentences”.Furthermore, having in mind that these markers are divided into “stance” and “engagement” markers, in the stance marker category in Persian articles by native speakers of Persian and English articles by non-Persians, the highest use of these markers includes the “hedges” and the lowest useincludes “attitude markers,” and in Persian articles by non-native speakers of Persian, the highest frequency of use is that of “boosters” andthe lowest, like the other two categories, is that of “attitude markers”. Also, in the engagement category, in Persian articles by native speakers of Persian and Persian articles by non-native speakers of Persian, the highest frequency of useis that of “personal asides” and the lowest is that of “directives,” and in English articles by non-Persians, the highest frequency of use, like the other aforementioned categories includes “personal asides” and the lowest includes “interrogative sentences.”
Management
Z. Delshad; M. Rabani; H. Dehghan Dehnavi
Abstract
The green supply chain management model is for environmental protection, which companies could use to reduce negative environmental impacts and achieve the optimal use of resources and energy. The study is an attempt to identify and develop a similar model for the petrochemical industry of Iran’s ...
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The green supply chain management model is for environmental protection, which companies could use to reduce negative environmental impacts and achieve the optimal use of resources and energy. The study is an attempt to identify and develop a similar model for the petrochemical industry of Iran’s Fars province using Grounded Theory as a qualitative data technique and the DEMATEL method to test its effectiveness and efficiency. The data collection was based on documents as well as interviews with 20 experts selected through snowball sampling. To analyze the qualitative data, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used. Criteria were also prioritized using the DEMATEL method and questionnaire. The results indicated the extraction of 21 axial and 90 open coding, which were placed in the form of a paradigm model. Then, using pairwise comparisons in the said method, and the final ranking of selected criteria of green supply chain, showed that the central process design, customers and other external institutions, green innovation, environmental management approaches, human resource management, environmental performance improvement, management and optimization of energy consumption (with values greater than the threshold) have a higher degree of importance (weight).
Rasul Hosseini; Abbas Bazargan
Abstract
Goals play crucial role in the development of any system. In education systems too the goals determine the attitudes and resource allocation program. Furthermore, not only goals incite the personnel and help to improve their work, but also offer a good criteria through which one could evaluate the organizational ...
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Goals play crucial role in the development of any system. In education systems too the goals determine the attitudes and resource allocation program. Furthermore, not only goals incite the personnel and help to improve their work, but also offer a good criteria through which one could evaluate the organizational efficiency. The present study attempts to explore the role goals and goal-setting process play in the interdisciplinary sciences. Therefore, first the process of goal-making and the related theories would be explained. Then, different kinds of goals and measuring instruments in goal-evaluating process in universities would be explored. Finally, analyzing the role goals play in the academic processes, some strategies for goal-setting in programming and assessment in universities would be suggested
Future Studies of Higher Education
A. Rezayan; E. Marzban; A.H. Rezayan; M. Marzban
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify and determine key factors, emerging trends and driving forces in the development of future faculty promotion regulations (FPR) and evaluate the structural relationship between key factors over the Horizon 2035. For this purpose, relying on a mixed methodology ...
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The purpose of this study is to identify and determine key factors, emerging trends and driving forces in the development of future faculty promotion regulations (FPR) and evaluate the structural relationship between key factors over the Horizon 2035. For this purpose, relying on a mixed methodology and using the literature review, interviews, the cross-impact analysis matrix, MicMac software and expert panels, key factors are identified and the relationship of influence and dependence between them are structurally analyzed. As a result, five forces including "Discourse governing higher education in Iran", "Society (industry, market and government) expectation of higher education", "Economics of higher education", "Competitiveness and internationalization of higher education" and "Emerging challenges and development of Interdisciplinary sciences" are considered as drivers of change in the subject of research and the function and influence of each in the future of the faculty promotion system is explained. Accordingly, upgrading future editions of FPR requires alignment with the identified drivers, considering structural complexities between key factors and adapting to changes in the social, economic and political environment through interdisciplinary and futuristic approaches.
Economics
M. Kamal; H. Amiri; V. Moghadam; D. Rahimi
Abstract
The ownership of common pool resources and their exploitation are jurisprudential issues that include various opinions. The present study provides evidence of governance and its problems in one of the micro-scale irrigation systems in Iran, assuming that it plays an important role in administering those ...
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The ownership of common pool resources and their exploitation are jurisprudential issues that include various opinions. The present study provides evidence of governance and its problems in one of the micro-scale irrigation systems in Iran, assuming that it plays an important role in administering those resources, like those of transactions, custom and empirical knowledge. In this interdisciplinary research (economic, social and jurisprudential), data are provided from in-depth, focal interviews, field observations, and documentation and are analyzed in the framework of Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD). The results show that over time, the exploiters, using the resource characteristics organized a kind of exploitation mechanism in which, the upstream exploiters had no power compared to the downstream. However, after the government started playing a key role in administering this area based on the Nationalization of Natural Resources Law, by issuing drilling permits, it practically marginalized the institutional arrangements of the users at the level of collective action and caused a lack of indigenous knowledge. That sparked a dispute between the aforementioned exploiters. Thus, both the resilience of economic and social systems could decrease and the people were excluded from local governance. These findings indicate that the approach to governing common pool resources based on the current reading of the relevant jurisprudential rules, is not possible to adapt to environmental conditions.
Innovation and Technology
H.A. Ghajari; A. Naghavi
Abstract
Today, Internet advertising (digital marketing) has become a necessity for online and offline businesses. As such, digital marketing businesses are also emerging in Iran and, therefore, need sociological analysis for their growth and development. Given the importance of the subject, this study is an ...
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Today, Internet advertising (digital marketing) has become a necessity for online and offline businesses. As such, digital marketing businesses are also emerging in Iran and, therefore, need sociological analysis for their growth and development. Given the importance of the subject, this study is an attempt to enumerate the factors affecting individuals' employment in online advertising businesses. In order to access the same, the theoretical research model of the study presented an interdisciplinary approach after examining various sociological, psychological and educational theories and hence, identified six variables i.e., talent, interest, organizational culture, job benefits, socio-economic class and labor market as important factors influencing employment in online advertising businesses. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population, the research hypotheses were tested, and using the Spearman's correlation coefficient, 5 out of 6 hypotheses with employment as a dependent variable (except socio-economic factor) were confirmed. Additionally, based on the findings of the structural equations (LISREL), the significance of independent variables of interest and labor market with employment dependent variable were not confirmed and it was found that talent (standard coefficient 0.3) and job benefits (standard coefficient 0.62) had the greatest impact in attracting employees to online advertising businesses.
Cinema
J. Nematollahi; A. Sayyad
Abstract
New Iranian woman with relative freedoms, especially in the social activities domain, appeared as a result of the modernization process at metropolitan levels during the Pahlavi era. But this freedom was not liked by Iranian men, even the intellectual lot. For instance, the new wave of cinema prior to ...
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New Iranian woman with relative freedoms, especially in the social activities domain, appeared as a result of the modernization process at metropolitan levels during the Pahlavi era. But this freedom was not liked by Iranian men, even the intellectual lot. For instance, the new wave of cinema prior to the Islamic revolution took the intellectual form at the time when itself had a critical stance toward the modernization process of the Shah, and sometimes showed even anti-modernist approach, now by portraying new woman with her outward deception and esoteric emptiness, it tried to reprehend the same by presenting her as a symbol of modern lifestyle and a symbol of the decline of the original Iranian culture. With a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the present paper tries to study the depiction of new woman in the two films related to new wave cinema in Iran, Mr. Naive and The Balooch. It concludes that new woman, like other phenomena of modern life, takes away the old patriarchal control and that persuades filmmakers to portray her as an attractive, superficial, and dangerous commodity of modern metropolis. In other words, new woman becomes a phenomenon that, in line with other modern phenomena and even at the top and most important of them puts down Iranian men and culture. In fact, in the form of localism and criticism of the Shah's incomplete modernization, these films rise up against modernity and defend patriarchal traditions and regain lost control. The representation of gender is of great importance in the sociological studies of art, and the article hopes to point out the depth of gender problems in Iranian society by examining the portrayal of new woman in the troubling new wave of cinema.
S. M. Shobeiri; Z. Shamsi
Abstract
Environmental problems, expanding knowledge and developing new technologies for environmental curriculum in higher education require planning environmental curriculum and developing academic thinking in relation to the dynamics of past, present and future. The purpose of present study is to analyze the ...
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Environmental problems, expanding knowledge and developing new technologies for environmental curriculum in higher education require planning environmental curriculum and developing academic thinking in relation to the dynamics of past, present and future. The purpose of present study is to analyze the interdisciplinary curriculum of environmental education in higher education. The research methodology is descriptive. The research population is composed of 759 professors and students of environmental education at Iranian universities, including 40 teachers and 719 students. The sampling of students was random; based on the proposed model by Morgan and Krejcie, 250 students were selected. However, the professors were selected using census mthod. The research data were collected using questionnaires developed by the researchers in this study. The validity was assessed 0.8, using opinions of experts and Lawshe’s Formula, and the reliability was calculated 0.806 based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The SWOT matrix was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. Considering the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the current strategy of higher education system in the environmental curriculum, is an offensive strategy, a strategy that uses the strengths and takes advantage of opportunities to advance the goals of development and progress. This type of strategy is the optimal strategy.
Higher Education
F. Asghari; A. Abbaspour; H. Rahimian; S. Ghiasi Nodooshan
Abstract
Studying the culture of every community, because of identity characteristics and borders distinguishing different communities, is one of the main requirements for understanding that community. Although researchers from different fields have carried out studies on the culture of university as an important ...
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Studying the culture of every community, because of identity characteristics and borders distinguishing different communities, is one of the main requirements for understanding that community. Although researchers from different fields have carried out studies on the culture of university as an important community, unlike other studies on universities, numerous shortcomings and gaps can be found in these studies, leaving studies on academic culture at an immature stage. The present article aims to analyze concepts, views and theories related to this field in order to deal with these problems. The analysis carried out here shows that failure in the conceptual and methodological development of studies on ‘university culture’, regardless of the complexity of the concepts of culture, organization and university, has three main reasons: failure to distinguish between “culture of university” and “academic culture”, failure to recognize that studies on university culture belong to interdisciplinary fields, and failure to methodologically distinguish between the ‘has approach’ (culture as a variable) and ‘is approach’ (culture as a root metaphor).
A. Hamdipour; R. Zavaraqi; S. Moradi
Abstract
Using descriptive survey method. The population of the study was 204 faculty members of humanities, the 78 members among them selected as sample population using the aim of this study is exploratory factor analysis of the knowledge management implementation challenges from the perspective of the humanities, ...
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Using descriptive survey method. The population of the study was 204 faculty members of humanities, the 78 members among them selected as sample population using the aim of this study is exploratory factor analysis of the knowledge management implementation challenges from the perspective of the humanities, social and behavioral sciences faculty members of Tabriz University. The present study performed random sampling, and a questionnaire the data collection. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability. In order to determine the validity of measurement tools, questions were performed using Factor analysis technic based on Principal Component Analysis. The finding showed that six factors (psychological barriers, interpersonal, communication, process, organizational, and technological and innovation) are the most important effective obstacles involved in the implementation of knowledge management in the colleges. The result of Friedman test result showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of 6 factors. The findings also showed that identify and prioritize of the barriers of implementing knowledge management can lead to the identification of key aspects of knowledge management and various universities can be able to use from these findings before spending money for the implement of knowledge management.
Innovation and Technology
A. Hosseinpour; M. Ranjbar; J. Asadnia; F. Ahmadi
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological factors, such as power, agency costs, profit management, and myopic behavior of managers can affect information transparency and cause significant changes. Evidence, on the other hand, suggests that investors determine the value of stocks under the influence of judgments ...
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Behavioral and psychological factors, such as power, agency costs, profit management, and myopic behavior of managers can affect information transparency and cause significant changes. Evidence, on the other hand, suggests that investors determine the value of stocks under the influence of judgments based on mental imagery, unscientific information, and the psychological and emotional conditions of the stock exchange. However, investors can be present in this market relying on information transparency. Therefore, considering the importance of these relations for market, the present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of managers' ethical and behavioral characteristics on investors’ sentiments in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, hypotheses are developed and data of Companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009 to 2018 are analyzed. The statistical population of the study includes 150 companies, selected by systematic elimination. The regression model of the research is tested using panel data method with integrated effects approach. The results show that with regard to the effect of managers’ ethical and behavioral characteristics, optimism, short-sightedness, agency behavior, and profit management intensify investors' sentiment and have a positive and significant effect on it by reducing transparency in firms’ decision-making environment. Moreover, the results confirm that the managerial power index, which reflects manager's authoritative behavior, has no significant effect on investors' sentiment.
Political Sciences
F. Zolfagharian
Abstract
The human perspective has a direct impact on the environment. In the modern era, man has considered himself in the place of God and has dominated the nature that has resulted in encroachment upon its privacy and disruption of its cycle. During antiquity, man always defined himself within the universe ...
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The human perspective has a direct impact on the environment. In the modern era, man has considered himself in the place of God and has dominated the nature that has resulted in encroachment upon its privacy and disruption of its cycle. During antiquity, man always defined himself within the universe and had firm belief that the cycle of nature could not and should not be disrupted. The manner of man’s interactions with nature and the environment has been varied and sometimes contradictory in different periods. The existence of a bio-centric view and the acceptance of the principle that man is part of nature and his life depends on the surroundings, has led to behavioral occurrence based on the respect for nature and the environment. Ancient Iranians, too, as one of the world’s first civilizations, have always been at the forefront of human and environmental issues. The laws governing the ancient world were based on belief patterns, and the governing policies of that time were based on the notion of the protection of the environmental elements of soil, water, plants and animals. In this article, apart from examining the bio-centric perspective on the remaining myths from ancient Iran, as well as exploring the sources of Zoroastrianism and the Avesta, the relationship between the policies of kings and rulers and environmental ideas is discussed. This article shows that ancient Iranians with a bio-centric attitude and using religious propositions tried to satisfy the four elements of nature and emphasized its preservation.
Social Sciences
M. Talebi; M. Zokaie; M. Fazeli; M. Jomehpoor
Abstract
The Zayandeh-Rood river basin is the only permanent and water-rich river in the central plateau in a densely populated area with a dry and semi-arid climate. Due to precise historical management and supervision, the social problems of water distribution rarely happened. However, since the mid-1980s, ...
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The Zayandeh-Rood river basin is the only permanent and water-rich river in the central plateau in a densely populated area with a dry and semi-arid climate. Due to precise historical management and supervision, the social problems of water distribution rarely happened. However, since the mid-1980s, the river has steadily lost its natural flow and has become seasonal river. Therefore, there have been many protests by stakeholder in the provinces. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reason for the water crisis in the Zayandeh-Rood river basin has occurred over the last two decades. The knowledge of water management is beyond the technical understanding of the subject, and it is an interdisciplinary science, so it should be considered in different fields. Thus, this article focuses on recognizing the water governance gap in the Zayandeh-Rood river basin in various sectors. The method used for this purpose, is analysis of documents, based on a comparative content analysis. Also we conducted interviews with 30 water experts in different districts and provinces (Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari). The results showed that water governance in the Zayandeh-Rood River basin resulted in various gaps, including executive gaps, targeting gaps, policy gaps, information gaps, capacity gaps, investment gaps, and responsibility gaps.
Farid Azadbakht
Abstract
Disciplined Survey of Multidimensional Phenomena Such As World-Wide Legal Phenomena, Calls for The Extension of Conceptual framework and To overcomes Epistemological /Methodological Dogmatism of International Law and Its Analytic /Imperative Logic, Prevails On Ontological / Epistemological Aspects of ...
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Disciplined Survey of Multidimensional Phenomena Such As World-Wide Legal Phenomena, Calls for The Extension of Conceptual framework and To overcomes Epistemological /Methodological Dogmatism of International Law and Its Analytic /Imperative Logic, Prevails On Ontological / Epistemological Aspects of The Progressive Science of International Law and Its Pluralistic Methodology that has Reduced to the Collection of Non Sanction rules, and So It has Modified To Phenomenology of States Will. Regardless of The Fact ,The Application of Systemic Approach to Untested International Law Domain ,Per se ,Is Faced To Various Epistemological / Ontological Controversies and Methodological Challenges, However Epistemological Prerequisites Calls for In Regard to Rethinking Capacities of Systemic Explanation of International Law ,Its Status and Its Place Draws In The General System of Science So That Publicists Can Distinguish Its Analytic And Imperative Logic of International Law From Homogeneous / Heterogeneous Sciences . To This Purpose, It Supposes That International Law Is Organic Totality (Wholeness) and On The basis of Systemic Analysis, International Law Is Analytic and Interactive System. In the First Level of Analysis That Concerning To Theoretical and Scientific structures of International Legal Science Will be Explained And Analyzed The Methodology, Patterns of Explanation, Legal Language, Making Theory Process, testing Theory ,and In The Second Level of Analysis That Its Aim To Explain The Ontological Dimension of International Law It Will Be Analyzed Interactive Modes Of International legal System Which Is constituent Synthesis of Legal Institutions ,Norms , Styles , Procedures and Mechanisms That Will Be Studied In External – Internal /Boundary Patterns of Interaction
Social Sciences
R. Abdolrahmani; A. Zargar; N. Hoseyni; H. Motaghi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a sociological analysis of abortion occurrences with the aim of investigating factors cited by insurance companies about pregnant women. A qualitative research method has been used to gather field information and its tools are based on documents and files of interviews ...
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The purpose of this study is to provide a sociological analysis of abortion occurrences with the aim of investigating factors cited by insurance companies about pregnant women. A qualitative research method has been used to gather field information and its tools are based on documents and files of interviews conducted with a number of women swindlers and their accomplices as well as experts and traffic police. The statistical population is 138 files of related documents, of which 15 were selected by a simple random sampling. There are also 58 women swindlers, gang associates, experts and traffic police officers who were purposefully selected to saturate the data and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Validity and reliability were obtained based on the views of Marshall and Rasuman (1998). Due to the quality of the work, the analysis method was performed simultaneously with data collection, open and axial coding and compression by designing basic and mediating themes and then the main themes by using Max Qioda software. The results showed that individual, family, social, economic, political and cultural aspects are influential and motivating factors for criminals, but the most important can be economic and poverty. Also, fraudsters, by knowing and exploiting the weaknesses and legal gaps and sometimes using non-Iranians (Afghans), poor families, forged and prepared identity cards and obtained them through responsible people and infiltrating government agencies and insurance companies.
Art and Environment
M. Taheri; E. Afzaltousi
Abstract
In achieving frameless art within the scope of conceptual one, the approach of contemporary art is to utilize the technological revolution and emphasize interaction between audience and the work of art, taking into account the environmental concepts. Ecological art, as one of the most contemporary art ...
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In achieving frameless art within the scope of conceptual one, the approach of contemporary art is to utilize the technological revolution and emphasize interaction between audience and the work of art, taking into account the environmental concepts. Ecological art, as one of the most contemporary art forms, represents a new avant-garde style through its treatment of the environmental crisis. The environmental degradation has created a common space for the actors to represent the interaction of different discourses of knowledge, including the different dimensions of science in understanding this issue. By this way, this research is necessary to explain the art-science interaction in ecological art and understand the discursive relations in contemporary art; hence, it is carried out by studying the representation of the interaction between the above two with a critical approach to the environmental crisis as well as the discursive formation in Foucault's reading of episteme. This paper tries to study the discursive formation of ecological art based on science with the assumption of the synergy of art-science as the discursive platform of contemporary art in representing the environmental crisis. The research method in explaining the discursive rules of ecological art is based on the epistemological description in the theory Foucault, which is based on library resources. Using a variety of experimental, interactive, and participatory techniques, contemporary ecological art can regenerate the discursive space of the environmental crisis through interaction between scientific institutions based on scientific research. The art-science relationship can be considered a schema of the epistemology of our time.
Hamid Nassaj; Morteza Haji Mazdarani
Abstract
Among the various and different categories provided for the political thoughts in Islam and Iran, the emphasis is usually on political jurisdiction, political philosophy, political theology and Siyāsatnāma (Book of Government); but the most Iranian area of thinking in Islamic Iran must be sought in ...
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Among the various and different categories provided for the political thoughts in Islam and Iran, the emphasis is usually on political jurisdiction, political philosophy, political theology and Siyāsatnāma (Book of Government); but the most Iranian area of thinking in Islamic Iran must be sought in poetry. Because the Iranian sphere of thought is poetry. Most jurists, philosophers, theologians and mystics of Persia, when wanted to freely express their heart, have relied on poetry. However, unfortunately, due to the extreme specialization of academic courses and lack of interdisciplinary studies, political literature is not considered as an important subject in intellectuals thinking and academic considerations. This paper invited thinkers to systematically focus on this interdisciplinary course and seeking typology of poetry based on its political function. Political literature (including poem and the rhythmic prose) has been divided to the heroic and patriotic literature, critical literature, reformist literature, praising literature, resistance literature and social and political satire; Ferdowsi, Hafez, Saadi Shirazi, Unsuri Balkhi, Saif Farghani, Nasir Khusraw, Ubayd Zakani are the representatives of these literary types that have been studied in this paper.
Ali Asghar Pourezzat
Abstract
Research process is very sensitive and painstaking; the least deviation in research process may cause deviation in scientific findings and make clarification of truth difficult. Every researcher is, at least, facing three glass barriers resulting from terminology, method and subject of research which ...
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Research process is very sensitive and painstaking; the least deviation in research process may cause deviation in scientific findings and make clarification of truth difficult. Every researcher is, at least, facing three glass barriers resulting from terminology, method and subject of research which face them with a form of paradigmatic or semi-paradigmatic approach to research process. One way to cross those invisible barriers is to adopt a linguistic approach to interdisciplinary sciences which will make comparison, setting priority of subjects, integration of methods, and use of research terminology possible and also to design a macro system to organize knowledge, pave the way for better guidance of individual interests, talents and social needs to facilitate their reflection in scientific works.
Morteza Bahrani
Abstract
This paper focused on the analysis and explanation of “civil friendship” in al-Farabi’s philosophy; so the question is: what are the beginning and the end of civil friendship in his philosophy? It seems that for al-Farabi, the friendship has the power of binding the creatures to each ...
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This paper focused on the analysis and explanation of “civil friendship” in al-Farabi’s philosophy; so the question is: what are the beginning and the end of civil friendship in his philosophy? It seems that for al-Farabi, the friendship has the power of binding the creatures to each other.It shapes all contexts for creatures; among them, it forms the variant cities, and the ruler of each city looks at the category of friendship as a tool to have good governance. For Farabi, like Aristotle, man naturally has teleos in itself. For him, the cities need justice and civil friendship to be a good city acording to the scheme that planed by the ruler; without friendship, the cities cannot be shaped, and without justice they cannot be maintained. But in reality, the type of friendship is different in each city, and it defines the happiness for each city.
Cultural Studies
H. Taheri Kia
Abstract
The event of the epidemic of Covid-19 had a massive shock to the borders of the order of Iranian everyday life. The emergence of death and disease from the Covid-19 put Iran in an exception state. Universities and schools were shut down and people went to lockdown. Also, the event of the epidemic of ...
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The event of the epidemic of Covid-19 had a massive shock to the borders of the order of Iranian everyday life. The emergence of death and disease from the Covid-19 put Iran in an exception state. Universities and schools were shut down and people went to lockdown. Also, the event of the epidemic of Covid-19 led to other events such as quarantine and it caused economic, mental, and family crises. The crucial event of the epidemic of Covid-19 was coincident with the traditional ceremony of Iranian New Year accompanied by shopping, traveling, and visiting families. But all of them were destroyed. By shutting down the city and the necessity of not coming together, digital geography was the most important space for retrieval of relationships and people could share their emotions of fear and anxiety and they make an emotional connection. Thus, one of the most important emotions which were shared in virtual social networks included nostalgia about the time before the epidemic of Covid-19 in Iran and dreaming the coming future. Then by applying a multidisciplinary approach through digital cultural studies and visual studies, the main object of the article is to analyze how emotions of nostalgia and dreaming of Iranian people were expressed on Instagram and Facebook. Consequently, remembering the city as a lost secure home and thinking of a vague future as dreaming indicates of getting stuck in the present time of the field of the event.
Abdollah Bichranlo; Ali Asghar Pourezzat
Abstract
Numerous researchers and theoreticians have attempted to study and investigate various respects of the organization. Based on these studies, different ideas and images have been offered on this concept, the most important of which are the pictures depicted and offered in the works of "Garreth Morgan" ...
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Numerous researchers and theoreticians have attempted to study and investigate various respects of the organization. Based on these studies, different ideas and images have been offered on this concept, the most important of which are the pictures depicted and offered in the works of "Garreth Morgan" and "Mary Joe Hatch". In this study, the function of metaphors in the process of cognition is examined, organization metaphors are briefly reviewed, and some theories and views which are mostly in accordance with the mentioned metaphors are considered. Finally, the possibility for discussions on the concept of "semantic boomerang" or "semantic return of metaphors" is provided and its considerable functions and dysfunctions are examined. In the case study, by focusing on the cultural engineering as a derived concept of metaphors semantic boomerang, the way of metaphor boomerang and emerging this concept in Iranian policy making literature is described. This paper in terms of results is a basic research and in terms of purpose is exploratory and in terms of applied data is qualitative. The method is case study. The data gathering tool is documentary which by using different sources, necessary data have been gathered and analyzed by models comparison analysis method.
