Alireza Aghahoseini
Abstract
The Present article aims at studying three discursive waves of the western Modernity exploring the declining process of political theorization. In this regard, the article will point to the discursive wave of rationality, the Rationality which had claimed to shed the light over the whole of human life. ...
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The Present article aims at studying three discursive waves of the western Modernity exploring the declining process of political theorization. In this regard, the article will point to the discursive wave of rationality, the Rationality which had claimed to shed the light over the whole of human life. Upon the arrival of the Marxist discourse in the second wave of Modernity, a thinking capacity emerged dominant while attempting to marginalize the discourse of rationality. Truly, the discourse of the second wave was value- oriented which in its turn helped the level of liberal theorizations become upgraded. Although the two discourses opposed one another, they were methodologically rooted in the positivist tradition. As far as the methodological tradition of the two mentioned discourses concerned postmodern thinking emerged up to criticize positivist tradition. Considering the third wave of Modernity from the lens of Derridean philosophy the metaphysics of the presence is to be deconstructed and at the same time to be faced with the impossibility of the ethical action. Combining philosophy, linguistics and psychology, Derrida has opened up a horizon for the development of discourse analysis.These human findings are outstanding from two angles. First, these philosophical investigations should be seen as a complete periodisation of western philosophy and second they should be considered as a waning process of western philosophy- surfaced in the theorization of the thinkers of the third wave. In sum, investigating the waning process of western philosophy could open up the routes to native Islamic philosophy. This can be followed in the lense of crisis disturbed the ethical arena of the western civilization.
Interdisciplinary
N. Taghavian
Abstract
Is identity a heritage inherited from the past or a choice for the future? In this question, the concept of ‘time’ is presupposed. Thus, my point of departure is analyzing the concept of time. Then the relation between the concept of time and social theory will be examined to maintain ...
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Is identity a heritage inherited from the past or a choice for the future? In this question, the concept of ‘time’ is presupposed. Thus, my point of departure is analyzing the concept of time. Then the relation between the concept of time and social theory will be examined to maintain that ‘sociology’ is the science of ‘space’ rather than the science of ‘time. ‘History’, however, is the science of ‘time’ which, in its Hegelian version, has a strong connection with the paradigm of the ‘philosophy of consciousnesses’. This paradigm would not allow sociology to be established, because sociology is the theory of action rather than the theory of consciousness. For this very reason, the establishment of sociology in the late nineteenth century was contemporaneous with the crisis of the philosophy of consciousness. The focal point of this crisis was the concept of ‘subject’, which itself was both the base of modern philosophy and the focus of modern society. But Marx, Nietzsche, Freud and Romanticist Movement radically criticized the concept of ‘subject’ and thus brought about crisis for modern society. The establishment of sociology was a response to such a crisis. It was a turning point by which we became aware of the heaviness and harmfulness of ‘tempocentrism’ and instead point to the usefulness of ‘topocentrism’. After this theoretical discussion, some problems of tempocentristic approach to ‘identity’ in Iranian social science will be referred to show how this approach is laden with the past, and therefore, unable to regard the future. The Iranian social science’s inability to develop an ‘action theory’ seems to be rooted in its tempocentrism. In order to find a way out of this dead-end and open some new horizons in the sphere of theory and practice, the Iranian sociology need to throw down the approach to identity ‘as a heritage from the past’ and adopt it ‘as a choice for the future’. Finally, I will discuss ‘rational identity’ and its relation to social science.
Zeynab Mandalizadeh; Habib Honari
Abstract
The purpose of this study is an investigation of the factors affecting entrepreneurship in sport from the point of view of experts in this field. This study is a descriptive_ analytic one and was conducted as a survey and statistical sample consisted of 64 subjects including top managers and sport management ...
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The purpose of this study is an investigation of the factors affecting entrepreneurship in sport from the point of view of experts in this field. This study is a descriptive_ analytic one and was conducted as a survey and statistical sample consisted of 64 subjects including top managers and sport management professors at physical education organization. Data is collected by research designed questionnaire. Its reliability (α=.95) is obtained after its validity confirmation (by professors). In this article the most important factors affecting sport entrepreneurship, both as an interdisciplinary field in the world, are studied. Initially, infrastructures are identified for entrepreneurial opportunities in sports and related problems become known so that identifying factors for social, cultural, and economical development to entrepreneurs will be a smooth path, because sport entrepreneurship, given its effective roles in business development, welfare, health development, and participation in various aspects of society, can also play a crucial role in the development of the country. Finally, some solutions for developing entrepreneurial sport are introduced.
Morteza Bahrani
Abstract
It is an important question “what does a translator do when he or she translates?” From one aspect, it seems that there is a direct relationship between translation and being interdisciplinary. In this paper it would be argued that translation is an interdisciplinary action. Translators, ...
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It is an important question “what does a translator do when he or she translates?” From one aspect, it seems that there is a direct relationship between translation and being interdisciplinary. In this paper it would be argued that translation is an interdisciplinary action. Translators, when translating, do more than one task and engage in more than one discipline. So, it can be said that translation as an interdisciplinary enterprise refers to a historical context, in which we can regard it as the first historical knowledge which began with interdisciplinary approaches. One reason for this phenomenon is that translation has no specific subject; rather the translators when begin translating a work need to concentrate on a special theme; accordingly, translation as an action in every field is doing as an interdisciplinary.
7th Development Plan in Iran
K. Nourmohammadi
Abstract
Iran is the world’s first developing country that has been engaged in compiling and executing development plans. Despite more than 70 years of planning and implementation of 11 five-year development plans, it has not only failed to achieve the desired success but is lagging behind many countries. ...
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Iran is the world’s first developing country that has been engaged in compiling and executing development plans. Despite more than 70 years of planning and implementation of 11 five-year development plans, it has not only failed to achieve the desired success but is lagging behind many countries. One of the important perspectives in explaining this problem is the structural formation and the selection of the type of development plans and their impacts on Iran’s economy, society, politics, and culture. The initial emergence of planning in Iran was a combination of internal and external needs, geopolitical situation, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, while combining the above factors, a type of planning has been formed in the country that has not yet become native and internalized even after 7 decades and lack common understanding among stakeholders and officials about its performance and shortcomings. Iran’s current comprehensive planning has numerous shortcomings that cause a continuous increase in the country’s problems and difficulties to the point where they halt the development process. For this reason, all countries abandoned a comprehensive planning about 5 decades ago, but for various reasons, this is still dominant in Iran’s planning system. This article discusses the process of forming a comprehensive planning and its shortcomings in comparison with limited core planning. Ultimately, through utilizing global experiences, a core planning is explained and introduced as a comprehensive planning.
Saied Reza Balaghat
Abstract
The main question of this research that is descriptive – survey, is: what are educational science course development challenges? (With 3 interdisciplinary fields, comparative, preschool and primary education). These challenges have been studied in 3 areas: economical, social – cultural, and ...
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The main question of this research that is descriptive – survey, is: what are educational science course development challenges? (With 3 interdisciplinary fields, comparative, preschool and primary education). These challenges have been studied in 3 areas: economical, social – cultural, and instructional. The society of research is the all of students that have been study in these fields. The questionnaire has been made with researcher. For analyzes the research has been used the descriptive and perceptive statistics. The resolute show that the challenges are the obstacles for development of these disciplinary fields as humanities. Some of them are: improper economical base; the international strategies in the economical area; improper work shop for person that will be graduated; non familiarities with this course and it’s fields; bureaucracy; the curriculum is not suitable. Shortage of teachers and professors; shortage of research terms; and shortage of seminars and conferences.
Masoome Samadi
Abstract
Introduction: Specialized discipline is debated to inductive method & experimental observation. At first science of philosophy pattern Descartes had governed in the late 20 era. Critical analytical in the area of research to make background for forming interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary ...
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Introduction: Specialized discipline is debated to inductive method & experimental observation. At first science of philosophy pattern Descartes had governed in the late 20 era. Critical analytical in the area of research to make background for forming interdisciplinary research. Interdisciplinary research to exist in reaction to disciplinary research & gap between research & decision making in social living. Questions in this research discussed were: what is the interdisciplinary research? What is the interdisciplinary paradigm? & what are the Interdisciplinary research educational implications? Method: The kind of this research was qualitative research that was used from descriptive –analytical method & documental method for to collect information. Findings have showed that Interdisciplinary researches were reconciling two & many disciplinary science for solving a human problem. This area of research was based on procedural pluralist. Destination of interdisciplinary research is solving two essentials needs. This two essentials needs were: Needs to Solving problems that disciplinary science can not solved in & needs to unify knowledge. The essentials aims interdisciplinary researches are integrating of science & critical thinking. Paradigm that dominated on this area is kind of integrating paradigm Implications this research are to develop critical thinking , social responsibility &skills of analytical
Hossein Salimi
Abstract
In the article, it has been tried to answer a fundamental question on the political science; whether the science has been constituted through a combination of difference and diversity of sciences or that is a unique, totally independent discipline. The author endeavors to manifest that the nature ...
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In the article, it has been tried to answer a fundamental question on the political science; whether the science has been constituted through a combination of difference and diversity of sciences or that is a unique, totally independent discipline. The author endeavors to manifest that the nature of political science is interdisciplinary. The study of the history of political knowledge reveals that this kind of knowledge can be understandable just by comprehending the impact of other disciplines. Basically, Politics has been a conjunction and intersection of social phenomena as well as human knowledge. That is a constant characteristic of politics, from political knowledge in ancient era to political science in the age of globalization. From Plato and Aristotle to Fararbi and Ibn Khaldun, and form Hobbes to Martin Albrow, Politics has been a consequence of mixture and coalition of various diversity of knowledge. This interdisciplinary substance of political science not only does not predicate dependency of the science, but also shows the excellence and magnificent situation of political science in the history of the world.
Demography
F. Jafari-Sirizi; A. Askari-Nodoushan; A. Ruhani
Abstract
Childbearing and child-rearing are the fruits of the couple's life together, but in the balance of duties and responsibilities, the mother's burden is unequally heavier than the father. Therefore, sufferings and difficulties of childbearing and parenting are mainly placed on the mother’ shoulders. ...
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Childbearing and child-rearing are the fruits of the couple's life together, but in the balance of duties and responsibilities, the mother's burden is unequally heavier than the father. Therefore, sufferings and difficulties of childbearing and parenting are mainly placed on the mother’ shoulders. Cultural contexts are an important and key element in defining the extent and structure of mothers’ duties and responsibilities with regard to their children. However, the challenges, concerns and difficulties of mothers in the field of child-rearing and parenting have been less in the focus of social and cultural research. The aim of this paper is to examine these issues and challenges. The research was conducted using the critical qualitative method of Carspecken and the research data were collected based on in-depth interviews with fifteen mothers who had children under the age of two. Findings showed the tensions/concerns/challenges of parenting, low collaboration of men in parenting, growing expectations of the child, the need for peaceful and loving in the context of family relationships and so on. Based on the results, the difficulties of the mother and her overwhelming concerns about raising a child have multiplied in the face of rapid social and cultural changes of the contemporary period. Therefore, the promotion of social and family support for the role of the mother in the field of parenting, providing welfare and leisure facilities for the mother and providing parenting education through educational institutions and cultural media is emphasized by the results of the present study.
Leila Saiyadbidhendi; Mohammad Eskandarinoode; Fazile Khani
Abstract
Geography as an interdisciplinary science that always trying to play their proper role in development process, it has been focused so much attention on the women as half of development power. This research with interdisciplinary approach is trying to analyze influence ...
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Geography as an interdisciplinary science that always trying to play their proper role in development process, it has been focused so much attention on the women as half of development power. This research with interdisciplinary approach is trying to analyze influence of ICT on empowerment of rural women in the central part of LAHIJAN eparchy. Then applied the explanatory approach. Field studies and questionnaire technique also is used. Research hypothesis is based on that the ability of ICT explains part of rural women Empowerment. But the power levels at different stages, it is not homogeneous and harmonious and Welfare stage is stronger than the other stages. For last analysis, Factor and regression analysis were used. Research findings indicate that analysis supports the hypotheses. Finally, the conclusions were based on research findings were presented.
Javad Heidari; Saied Hamid Zare; Saied Malek Hosseini
Abstract
The study of social phenomena dominating the society, due to its unique conditions, needs improving and pondering. Although, in the first view, simulating the social phenomena with the mechanical phenomena may be considered illogical due to the complication of social issues, the authors of this paper ...
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The study of social phenomena dominating the society, due to its unique conditions, needs improving and pondering. Although, in the first view, simulating the social phenomena with the mechanical phenomena may be considered illogical due to the complication of social issues, the authors of this paper intend to simulate them through simplicity so that they will demonstrate a more vivid analysis via simpler and more tangible manifestation of social problems and their consequences. To achieve proper and authentic results, the concepts and the definitions of mechanics are borrowed and exerted for the strategy of the investigation, which is conformable with social concepts. It has been tried, based upon the hints of this paper, to review and investigate the country`s social problems by challenging the terms such as stress, fatigue, etc. from two points of view. The first step is to hint the static concepts and their negative consequences and damages, and next, while reviewing dynamic concepts, the dynamic difficulties and awkwardness of the society are explained.
Hossein Jafari Sani; Morteza Karami; Hamideh Pak Mehr
Abstract
The main goal of this study was Identification integrated curriculum model (within disciplines, across several disciplines and within and across learners) in humanities based on Fogarty's view and its gap with expectedstatuses ofstudents. Research method was descriptive and population was all the humanities ...
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The main goal of this study was Identification integrated curriculum model (within disciplines, across several disciplines and within and across learners) in humanities based on Fogarty's view and its gap with expectedstatuses ofstudents. Research method was descriptive and population was all the humanities students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the 93-92 academic year. The sample size was 216 students and selected through stratified sampling. Research tool was questionnaire that designedbased on the Fogarty's model. Results showed that: from students view, within disciplines (fragmented) model is dominated for the development and implementation of curriculum now. Studentsareexpected integration within and across learners and there is significant difference between the existing and expected conditions in the three major models of integrating the humanities curriculum based on Fogarty's view.
Interdisciplinary
A. Ghobadi; M. Zare Mehrjardi
Abstract
Different aspects of the poetry of Hafez have been studied so far. The material and non-material features of his poetry have been examined in different fields such as literature and anthropology. Due to the influence and importance of Hafez’s poetry, it seems that it can be studied from the ...
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Different aspects of the poetry of Hafez have been studied so far. The material and non-material features of his poetry have been examined in different fields such as literature and anthropology. Due to the influence and importance of Hafez’s poetry, it seems that it can be studied from the perspective of other fields as well. Communications science is among these fields, dealing with how and why communications are established between the speaker and the audience. In the present article the nonverbal aspects in the poetry of Hafez are studied. It seems that the verbal aspects of his poetry are not the only factors that have made it remain popular with the audience through generations; nonverbal aspects have played a great part as well. This article aims to examine the literary work in terms of nonverbal communications in order to demonstrate the skill of the poet in establishing communications with its audience beyond the boundaries of speech; the poet’s mastery over this feature is also culturally interpreted. The utilized method is qualitative content analysis.
Interdisciplinary
H. Afrakhteh
Abstract
Geography as a science of the spatial analysis of phenomena is based on three main objectives: studying spatial structures, examining the locational-spatial order of socio-economic activities, and searching spatial relationships and functions through hierarchical leveling of rural and urban settlements. ...
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Geography as a science of the spatial analysis of phenomena is based on three main objectives: studying spatial structures, examining the locational-spatial order of socio-economic activities, and searching spatial relationships and functions through hierarchical leveling of rural and urban settlements. The applied form of geography or “spatial planning” addresses the modification of spatial structures, the locational-spatial order of activities, and the organization of spatial relationships and functions. There are mutual interactions between structure and function in this spatial order. Science has developed a complex structure through the electronic revolution, which is called “third wave science”; also specialized studies have developed. Specialized studies result in a very deep understanding of subjects, but this deep understanding always remains just in a “spot” and its applications could be traumatic, which is because it is not regulated in combination with other dimensions of human life. This kind of science cannot be beneficial in human life or solve some important problems. The main aim of this article, which is based on qualitative content analysis, is to analyze geography as an interdisciplinary science. The findings of the study show that geographical research has interdisciplinary characteristics; otherwise it cannot explain today’s complex problems. Geography can both use the findings of other sciences, including statistics, mathematics, economics, sociology, history and psychology, and provide them with services and help.
Pardis Parto; Marziye Goltaji
Abstract
Science and scientific advances needs context of interactions between different scientific disciplines. In the present age regarding to the subject areas' specialization, interdisciplinary relationships in any study seems inevitable. Library and Information Science is a discipline which, like other disciplines, ...
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Science and scientific advances needs context of interactions between different scientific disciplines. In the present age regarding to the subject areas' specialization, interdisciplinary relationships in any study seems inevitable. Library and Information Science is a discipline which, like other disciplines, has its theoretical principles. It seems many of the considered theories and principles in this science have been borrowed from other scientific fields; therefore this study tries to discover the roots and origins of these theories by investigating and studying the existing theories in this field, and thus to specify the interdisciplinary nature of Library and Information Science.
Mohammad Ghahramani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the notion of evaluation of interdisciplinary courses. To this end, relevant literature and theoretical framework was reviewed . The paper specifically focused on assessment and measurement of learning activities in interdisciplinary courses. The main question ...
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The purpose of this study was to examine the notion of evaluation of interdisciplinary courses. To this end, relevant literature and theoretical framework was reviewed . The paper specifically focused on assessment and measurement of learning activities in interdisciplinary courses. The main question addressed here was what the major criteria are for assessment of assignment in interdisciplinary courses .Given the significance of the notion of “interdisciplinary understanding “. this paper mainly focused on elaborating on this concept . therefore , interdisciplinary understanding was presented at four levels including : naive interdisciplinary understanding ,novice interdisciplinary understanding ,apprentice interdisciplinary understanding and master interdisciplinary understanding.Further, four dimensions of interdisciplinary understanding including : purposefulness,disciplinary grounding, intégration and critical awareness were discussed . Finally , the matrix of assessment of interdisciplinary assignment was developed on the basis of its levels and dimensions.
Sociology
A. Gorgi; A. Moghadas; J. Gorgi
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the Turner's works in the field of sociology of body and its relationship with human rights. Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. Only in the 1990s the works ...
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The purpose of this article is to study the Turner's works in the field of sociology of body and its relationship with human rights. Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. Only in the 1990s the works of Bryan Turner led to the development of a new sociology of human rights. This article defends the claim that human rights is a legitimate subject of inquiry for sociologists. Method of recent article is documentary. Turner sociological studies in the field of medical, body, human rights and religion can be an example of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Turner, in his works has tried to take advantage of concepts and findings of sociology of body, politics and philosophical anthropology, as well as embodiment and vulnerability and find materialist basis for defending human rights universal claims. He knows sociology of body as a basis for the defense of human rights universal concepts and alternative discourse to the natural law tradition. According to him, human rights as an institution beyond citizenship, is a substitute for citizenship and its challenges. In summary, The article argues that a sociology of human rights is very important, because, there are obvious limitations to the idea of citizenship which is based on membership of a nation state. Therefore, human rights as a sociological concept is an important supplement to the existing idea of citizenship.
T. Shahjafari; H. Ebrahimabadi; M. H. Rezaei; I. Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
The present research studies the pattern of the Internet usage by the third grade students of middle schools in the school year 2012-13 in Tehran. For this purpose, the needs of Iranian teenagers in virtual and cyber space have been identified and studied through an interdisciplinary approach. A researcher-made ...
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The present research studies the pattern of the Internet usage by the third grade students of middle schools in the school year 2012-13 in Tehran. For this purpose, the needs of Iranian teenagers in virtual and cyber space have been identified and studied through an interdisciplinary approach. A researcher-made questionnaire and interviews with specialists and scholars in the fields of curriculum planning, educational technology, educational planning, information technology and communication were used based on an interdisciplinary approach. Finally, the needs of the students were divided and categorized into two factors of knowledge and skill, and individual and social characteristics on the basis of factor analysis method; the pattern of the Internet usage, including leisure factors and accessibility to information and sources, was designed and presented. Also, the results indicate that these factors have no direct effect on the network features and this effect occurs in relation to leisure factors through the location of the programs. Students’ interest in the Internet was mainly for the purposes of downloading videos and music and also playing online games and entertainment programs. This implies the necessity of attention on the part of planners to preparing and providing videos, games and educational, scientific and entertaining programs.
Women Studies
A. Ardestani; F. Mollaja’fari
Abstract
Today, identity politics is one of the most important analytic tools of social scientists. With this approach, they focus on political attitudes and interests of social groups who are mainly concerned with gender, race, ethnicity or religion. Attitude towards the female sexuality is one of the most important ...
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Today, identity politics is one of the most important analytic tools of social scientists. With this approach, they focus on political attitudes and interests of social groups who are mainly concerned with gender, race, ethnicity or religion. Attitude towards the female sexuality is one of the most important spectrums in their study. The epistemological development is rooted in the fundamental social changes and its understanding requires a careful study of some aspects in contemporary political literature of Iran. The main question of this study is the focus on gender in the contemporary political literature that may lead to the realm of identity politics in Iran. Any focus on identity and gender discourses will involve a critical analysis and application of the Fairclough’s model on Shamlou’s poems. Thus, a social scientist may tend to answer the questions of identity politics and gender issues. Our hypothesis is that Iranian society has gradually moved towards a new understanding of the concept of gender since the Constitutional Movement and it has helped the articulation of identity politics in Iran. The main manifestation of this politics should be sought in political literature which has always been an area for thinking due to the lack of civil society in the body polity of Iran.
H. Davari
Abstract
The emergence of some significant critical approaches and directions in the field of applied linguistics from the mid-1980s onwards has met with various positive and opposite reactions. On the basis of their strength and significance, such approaches and directions have challenged some of the mainstream ...
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The emergence of some significant critical approaches and directions in the field of applied linguistics from the mid-1980s onwards has met with various positive and opposite reactions. On the basis of their strength and significance, such approaches and directions have challenged some of the mainstream approaches’ claims, principles and assumptions. Among them, critical applied linguistics can be highlighted as a new approach, developed by the Australian applied linguist, Alastair Pennycook. The aspects, domains and concerns of this new approach were introduced in his book in 2001. Due to the undeniable importance of this approach, as well as partial negligence regarding it in Iranian academic setting, this paper first intends to introduce this approach, as an approach that evaluates various disciplines of applied linguistics through its own specific principles and interests. Then, in order to show its step-by-step application in the evaluation of different disciplines of applied linguistics, with a glance at its significance and appropriateness in Iranian society, two domains, namely English language education and language policy and planning, are introduced and evaluated in order to provide readers with a visible and practical picture of its interdisciplinary nature and evaluative functions. The findings indicate the efficacy of applying this interdisciplinary framework in any language-in-education policy and planning in accordance with the political, social and cultural context of the target society.
Communications
M. Brojerdi Alavi; M. Forghani; M. Ranjbar
Abstract
Extensive changes in today’s world, especially in the field of communications, has brought to the fore the role of public relations. This field requires professional experts with specific competences in each of its sub-sectors. Managers are always the most important people of an organization, within ...
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Extensive changes in today’s world, especially in the field of communications, has brought to the fore the role of public relations. This field requires professional experts with specific competences in each of its sub-sectors. Managers are always the most important people of an organization, within which the role of public relations managers is of paramount importance. The main aim of this article is to present a conceptual framework of managers’ competency model of public relations by using theoretical approaches to management and communication science. In pursuit of this goal, the article proceeds in two steps. First, the design of the initial conceptual framework for the research and secondly, measurement of the conceptual framework validity. We referred to academic literature and surveyed the employment indices of the focus group for managers. Firstly, we extracted dimensions, factors and indicators from patterns of national and international competence, and secondly we surveyed and verified the validity of the theoretical framework in consultation with communication science and public relation experts. The statistical population consisted of experts in communication science, public relations and management. A focus groups was put together 15-strong focus group, which was selected from the statistical population through the use of the judgmental method, arrived at the indicators and the factors after going through two steps of confirmation of dimensions and components of the conceptual framework. Because of the increased importance of the role of public relations in communication competence and organizational success, the conceptual framework put forward in this article can be of use to managers of organizations.
Mojtaba Pourkarim; Alireza SadiqZade Ghamsari; Khosrow Bagheri Noeparast; Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi
Abstract
The aim of this article is explanation of the interdisciplinary research based on ontological assumptions in Roy Bhaskar’s view. According to the research that has been done by description- inductive method, research in Bhaskar’s view is due to transcendental argument, complexity logic, scientific ...
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The aim of this article is explanation of the interdisciplinary research based on ontological assumptions in Roy Bhaskar’s view. According to the research that has been done by description- inductive method, research in Bhaskar’s view is due to transcendental argument, complexity logic, scientific explanation, methodological naturalism and explanatory critic, has interdisciplinary nature. This explanation of interdisciplinary research has an ontological base and is against epistemological approach in interdisciplinary research. According to assumptions of critical realism interdisciplinary research is in the meaning of studying a complex phenomenon at different levels of reality and explanation of its structures and external and internal mechanisms. This explanation of interdisciplinary research criticizes and reforms epistemological interdisciplinary approach. Critics involve: actualism, problem of integration and transdisciplinary. Ontological interdisciplinary research instead of actualism, focuses on explanation of structures and mechanisms that are in the real level. It considers integration as achieving knowledge based on explanation of structures and mechanisms and not as an eclectic approach and instead of transdisciplinary research focuses on keeping and interaction of disciplines. Steps of this research involve: description of an unclear phenomenon, transcendental question, redescription, resolution, integration and praxis. Principles of this research are involve investigate concrete, investigate abstract, explanatory adequacy, elimination and reform, giving alternative, education of interdisciplinary researcher , and attention to minor problems.
Political Sciences
M.M. Raeesi
Abstract
Secularism is one of the most important components of west contemporary civilization. The role of this system of thought, which emerged as a reaction against the function of religious institutions in the West, especially the church in the Middle Ages, is so prominent in contemporary civilization that ...
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Secularism is one of the most important components of west contemporary civilization. The role of this system of thought, which emerged as a reaction against the function of religious institutions in the West, especially the church in the Middle Ages, is so prominent in contemporary civilization that its effects on political, social, cultural conditions and relationships can be clearly identified, and the geography of Iran is no exception. After a brief introduction and brief explanation of the foundations of secularism, this paper focuses on the issue of the effects of secularism on contemporary architecture and urban planning, and in particular the physical-spatial transformations of Iranian contemporary cities. A composite method is used: archival research for data collection and qualitative content analysis for data analysis. Our findings indicate that since architecture, urban planning and relevant issues (including spatial and physical transformations) are influenced by different social and cultural relations, Iranian contemporary architecture and urbanism are affected by secularism and its foundations. In order to prove this issue, objective examples and evidence are presented as part of analytical discussions.
P. Sadrieh; Y. Sharbatian Semnani
Abstract
Music, as a subset of the cultural system, has had always a place in cultural and anthropological researches and has been the issue of discussions and dialogues in different school of thoughts from various perspectives such as structuralism, functionalism, semiotics, ethnomusicology, etc. In this study, ...
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Music, as a subset of the cultural system, has had always a place in cultural and anthropological researches and has been the issue of discussions and dialogues in different school of thoughts from various perspectives such as structuralism, functionalism, semiotics, ethnomusicology, etc. In this study, with reference to the functions of music based on historical developments, in the given period, it was shown that there is an interdisciplinary relationship between music and knowledge of cultural history and anthropology. The theoretical framework in this study was selected based on the functionalism theory of Bronisław Malinowski as well as the theory of structuralism of Claude-Louis-Strauss. Accordingly, in addition to the two structural functions of music, namely aesthetics and the expression of emotions, the supposed functions are added to music according to the requirements of the time and social needs. In the proposed period under study, obvious functions such as creating solidarity, expressing symbolic concepts, function in ritual music, normative function, function of creating emotion as obvious functions as well as hidden functions including: Establishing equal communication with diverse social classes; compassion for the victims of the current situation; creating a specific message about action, awakening and stability, according to the discourse of time in the audience and the extent of the message are obvious.
Interdisciplinary
J. Amiri Farahabadi; M. Abolghasemi; M. Ghahramani
Abstract
According to many experts and scholars of higher education, nowadays the most important factor of inefficiency of higher education policymaking in Iran is nonconformity of policies and decisions with scientific, theoretical and research basics. Policy research is defined as a research process focused ...
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According to many experts and scholars of higher education, nowadays the most important factor of inefficiency of higher education policymaking in Iran is nonconformity of policies and decisions with scientific, theoretical and research basics. Policy research is defined as a research process focused on providing policy options and referred to the practice of policymakers and can contribute to reasonable and rational policymaking in the field of higher education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was pathology of higher education policy research process in Iran. In order to achieve this objective, statistical population of study were institutions and research centers of policy research including those affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (such as Institute of Research and Planning in Higher Education (IRPHE), National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Institute for Social and Cultural Studies - ISCS) and those not affiliated to the Ministry, as well as informed policymakers in the field of higher education and 14 of them were chosen purposefully to carry out in-depth interviews. The validity of the findings was evaluated by methods of member checking and peer review. To analyze the data, open and axial coding was used. Results revealed the existence of 113 conceptual statements (subcategories) and 14 main categories in terms of five dimensions: contextual & environmental factors, structural factors, functional factors (related to Policy/decision makers in higher education and higher education policy researchers) and interactive & communicational factors which relations between them were drawn in the research model.
