Sociology
R. Yousefi Aghdam; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual ...
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The present article studies the emergence of the child subject in the Qajar period and theoretically it is based on an interdisciplinary approach to technological studies. With regard to collecting first-hand data, we used the "index paradigm" or "thinking with cases" technique (scrutiny of extra-textual details) whereas for the data analysis, we applied the "thinking the way of thinking" technique (metaphorical analysis). The article is based on the fact that photography technology during the Qajar had been used as a cognitive model to describe the child and how he acquires the knowledge. The child is understood as a flexible and receptive category that records or captures their own perceptions (sensations) and hearings (movements). Seeing the child is passive and hence supervised object, and power (in the sense of fertility and the productivity of subjects) is exercised through photographic epistemology. Supervision means taking care of and controlling everything in the presence of the child; because the presence or "being in front of something" has found a theoretical meaning for children, that is, "impressionability" or imagery. The child records everything before him, like an automatic camera. The article traces the exercise of power through photographic epistemology in places where children are present (home, alleys, library and schools).
R. Afzali; M. Alavi Moghaddam; M. Firouzi Moghaddam
Abstract
In the contemporary higher education system, "interdisciplinary studies" has gained a prominent place and has become a basic need in academia and in the process of science production, which in addition to expanding knowledge and using the capacities of neighboring disciplines, opens up new frontiers ...
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In the contemporary higher education system, "interdisciplinary studies" has gained a prominent place and has become a basic need in academia and in the process of science production, which in addition to expanding knowledge and using the capacities of neighboring disciplines, opens up new frontiers in the field of research, responds to solving multifaceted problems as well as avoiding crises caused by a single discipline. The purpose of this study is that looking at the visible and hidden capabilities of the two fields of legal studies and literary studies and using the scientific mechanisms of each of them, can provide a basis for researchers in these two fields to help in new scientific approaches and meet the needs of human societies. The findings of the present study, which is based on a library-based methodology and qualitative data analysis, is that interdisciplinary studies in literature and law are a social and academic necessity, and the results can be used in both the realms of literature and law. They can also be effective in spreading the level of rationality and social justice, discovering new intellectual realms, analyzing and recognizing the mistakes of the proponents of these two scientific fields, raising the level of flexibility of researchers, closing the communication gaps between the two experts.
Innovation and Technology
M. Aliei; E. Ghaderifar; M. Hoorali; F. Hamidi
Abstract
Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion ...
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Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion of services and Other operations that can improve logistics costs while improving quality, customer satisfaction and gaining new customers. The most effective solution to this business dilemma is to outsource logistics services based on long-term contracts provided by a third-party logistics service provider. These companies have specialized knowledge in the field of coordination of economic resources and can create new opportunities for producers. Third-party logistics service provider is an external supplier that manages controls and executes logistics activities on behalf of the customer. In this article, the 7 main dimensions of Third-Party logistics enablers have been enumerated by reviewing the research background, textual content analysis and specialized interviews with 16 logistics industry experts using MAXQDA software, then by using DEMATEL technique based on network analysis (DANP) and performing pairwise comparisons and implementations in Excel software, these weighting enablers and the relationships between them were discovered. To collect the data, a pair of researcher-made names were used, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers are: production, technical and marketing and sales empowerment, finance, manpower and strategic empowerment, respectively.
Interdisciplinary
A. Shakeri; M. Farahmandfar
Abstract
Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbook is written by Hossein Payendeh as a university textbook for master's degree course in Persian language and literature. It was first published in two volumes in 2018 by SAMT publications. Given the global importance of interdisciplinary studies ...
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Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbook is written by Hossein Payendeh as a university textbook for master's degree course in Persian language and literature. It was first published in two volumes in 2018 by SAMT publications. Given the global importance of interdisciplinary studies in literature in recent decades as well as the need of the same in Persian literature, the current article makes an attempt to investigate the extent and manner of the application of interdisciplinary approaches in the aforementioned book. Taking into account historiographical and critical-analytical approaches, we could obtain a history of the theory and literary criticism in the West and then in Iran. This topic has also been presented in the official curriculums of Iranian universities. The form and structure of the book were studied after explaining the prevalence of the literary criticism discourse in Iran. In the section on reviewing the content, while enumerating the most important variables of the book, the relation of topics with the current situation of the theory and literary criticism in the West and Iran was explained and its contents drew the attention in order to confirm interdisciplinary studies in Persian literature. Based on the findings of this article, it can be argued that the publication of Literary Theory and Criticism: An Interdisciplinary Textbookwhile preserving the link with literary theories, indicating a break from those theories and turning attention to interdisciplinary studies in Persian literature. Its publication as an academic textbook can be considered as a turning point in academic literary studies in Iran.
Law
A. Khosravi
Abstract
Water plays a vital role in human life, affecting not only the functioning of the body but also other human rights. For this reason, in recent decades, international bodies, including the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by approving Comment No. 15, have identified the access to water ...
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Water plays a vital role in human life, affecting not only the functioning of the body but also other human rights. For this reason, in recent decades, international bodies, including the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by approving Comment No. 15, have identified the access to water as a human right. But it is not easy to enjoy this right because of limited water resources, its non-availability, contaminated surface waters and the like, and it always creates problems for people, their families and even the community. Governments as the primary bound of this right have also sought to privatize water, because of the expense involved in collecting, storing and supplying water. But the question that arises is that, given that privatization leads to commercialization and economization of water, can it meet the characteristics and requirements of the right to water? Although there is no single global or regional model for this, the paper attempts to answer this question first by examining the nature and characteristics and requirements of the right to water from the perspective of international documents, especially the interpretative theory, and then characteristics and nature of privatization in this regard.
Sociology
M. Khoshnam; Sh. Moshtaq
Abstract
Science visualization techniques can give us better understanding of the structure and patterns of scientific activities. The purpose of this article is to create the co-occurrence network of words and concepts found in indexed articles written by authors active in the field of sociology, in Islamic ...
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Science visualization techniques can give us better understanding of the structure and patterns of scientific activities. The purpose of this article is to create the co-occurrence network of words and concepts found in indexed articles written by authors active in the field of sociology, in Islamic World Science Citation Database. the goal was to study the level of activity among researchers in sociology and to provide an overview of the hot topics in this field. this research falls under the category of applied research. Utilizing the scientometrics approach, Data was visualized and analyzed using network analysis techniques. The research community includes all sociology journal articles indexed ISC from 1390 to 1400. The analysis of the findings revealed that the thematic network of Iranian sociology has high coherence and the topics of women's studies and religion are the main topics in the Iranian sociology, and based on the indicators of the network analysis, it has high betweenness centrality. To enhance the diversity of Iranian sociology more focus should be placed on neglected areas such as sports sociology medical sociology, and rural sociology. It is important that the scientific network of sociology articles be visualized in future studies. To track changes in publication themes over time. sociological journals could also consider publishing special issues on the neglected fields highlighted in this paper.
F. Rostami
Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies confirm the fact that different branches of the humanities are closely connected with each other and increase each others’ efficiency. Since comparative interdisciplinary studies also include fields that are not purely literary, such as printing and publishing industries, ...
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Interdisciplinary studies confirm the fact that different branches of the humanities are closely connected with each other and increase each others’ efficiency. Since comparative interdisciplinary studies also include fields that are not purely literary, such as printing and publishing industries, the present study aims to analyze how cultural products achieve a better marketing through designing processes. Paratextuality, from Genette’s point of view, is the theoretical basis of this study, and peritexts and epitexts in the novels of Daneshvar and Soleimani are analyzed here. First, we define “comparative interdisciplinary study” and then discuss the peritexts and the epitexts in their novels. This is a library-based research; however, data is also collected through interviews with the publishers of their novels, Kharazmi, Ghoghnoos and Cheshmeh publications. It is a descriptive-analytical study and its findings show that there are some features in the appearance of books that motivate the customers to buy them. During years, because of cultural structures, advertising strategies and critical reviews, these features have changed. However, this study shows that the scope of the changes in the novels of Soleimani is vaster; in other words, by changing such features, publishers have been able to create a better marketing for Soleimani, even though he is less known than Daneshvar.
Sociology
Z. Shafiei
Abstract
It is not simple at all to answer as why some people become entrepreneurs while others don't. Most researchers have accepted this puzzle and defined entrepreneurship in various ways, thus, making it a controversial term to develop theories around it. In the midst of contradictory ideas in the field of ...
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It is not simple at all to answer as why some people become entrepreneurs while others don't. Most researchers have accepted this puzzle and defined entrepreneurship in various ways, thus, making it a controversial term to develop theories around it. In the midst of contradictory ideas in the field of entrepreneurship, the contribution of social sciences such as sociology and economics is significant. However, their perspectives on the subject differ. Sociology sees individual agency as more significant than social factors, while economics assumes the opposite. This has led to the dual perception of under-socialized and over-socialized, with both being incomplete. This duality can be compared to the blind description of an elephant in the dark - each person touches the elephant from different angles and presents own point of view to refute the other. This article aims to explain this duality and approaches of sociology and economics towards the issue of entrepreneurship. It is theoretical in nature and explores the path that flows between the two opposite poles, using the new economic sociological paradigm. This approach aims to go beyond the duality of under-socialized and over-socialized perceptions, allowing for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in its social and historical contexts.
G. Jafari; A. Sedighian Bidgoli; A. Vedadhir
Abstract
Professional identity refers to a process that answers the question "who am I" during One has been studying for years at university. The PhD is the latest stage in the development of this kind of identity that has a great bearing on the career path of individuals. The present article attempts to test ...
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Professional identity refers to a process that answers the question "who am I" during One has been studying for years at university. The PhD is the latest stage in the development of this kind of identity that has a great bearing on the career path of individuals. The present article attempts to test the theoretical model of the PhD students' professional identity development in Iran's social sciences. The Grounded Theory of Vedadhir and Others (2017) have been operationalized and the questionnaire has been tested with participation of 191 PhD students of social sciences. Quantitative findings confirm the theatrical propositions obtained from the basic theory model. As can be seen in the above equation, Regression results show that in general, the structure of higher education, the external conditions of the social sciences, the psychological traits of PhD students of social sciences, as well as financial conditions and scientific socialization can change the dependent variable of the professional identity of the PhD degree of social sciences among respondents Better than the rest of the independent variables. The statistical results indicate that the role of external and structural factors is important.
Humanities and Development
H. Abdollahyan; Z. Asadi
Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of using ICTs to improve environmental standards of Iran. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of ICTs on Iranians’ environmental adaptation. The paper contributes to the production of knowledge in the area of promoting sustainable development ...
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This paper addresses the issue of using ICTs to improve environmental standards of Iran. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of ICTs on Iranians’ environmental adaptation. The paper contributes to the production of knowledge in the area of promoting sustainable development based on the necessities of Iran's environment. We used a theoretical synthesis that establishes a logical link between ecological sustainability, community empowerment, and participatory development. Methodologically, we committed to Jensen and Jankowski’s approach while using a quantitative approach to collect data. Some of the findings indicate that the use of ICTs has a direct and significant effect on the friendly approach of the people towards the environment (r = 0.4). On the other hand, the mean effect of ICTs on information capital is 22.84, and the mean effect of ICTs on environmental awareness is 25.62. Also, the mean impact of ICTs on environmental empowerment (26.40) and the mean effect of ICTs on environmental participation (53.61) show a higher range than the expected mean. It means that there is good awareness of the application of ICTs in Iran’s environment. Moreover, an analysis of the structural equations modeling shows that ICTs with a path coefficient of β = 0.58 affected information capital. Different results indicate that information capital affects environmental awareness, environmental empowerment, and environmental participation with the path coefficients of β = 0.65, β = 0.45 and β = 0.52 respectively.
Interdisciplinary
M. Taheri Demneh; Z. Heidari Darani
Abstract
Apart from the fact that the conceptualization and application of interdisciplinary fields are still in midway, most studies in this field have focused on f the university and paid attention to the necessity of establishing an interdisciplinarity at the university. However, academic experience has shown ...
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Apart from the fact that the conceptualization and application of interdisciplinary fields are still in midway, most studies in this field have focused on f the university and paid attention to the necessity of establishing an interdisciplinarity at the university. However, academic experience has shown that a student at the university who has not learned interdisciplinary skills before (in a pre-academic period or school), is weak in the understanding and use of interdisciplinarity at the university. From this viewpoint, regardless of the concept of "discipline," which remains a specialized activity in the university, the term "interdisciplinarity" expresses a set of future-oriented skills that have to be from the first stage of human development in the Education Portfolios. This paper is a theoretical and analytical attempt to extend interdisciplinarity in pre-academic literature. In this paper, first the feasibility and necessity of pre-academic interdisciplinarity are studied, and second, some practical solutions are offered to achieve this goal in order to form a collage of the future of the school. This collage is a future image of the schools where the interdisciplinary human achieves skills such as adaptability, teamwork, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving for living in a complex environment.
Higher Education
Z. Sadoughi
Abstract
The interdependence resulting from globalization and the common crisis individuals face make the cooperation among scholars and researchers of different disciplines inevitable. Since promoting the culture of peace has become a significant concern for researchers, managing the current complicated situation ...
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The interdependence resulting from globalization and the common crisis individuals face make the cooperation among scholars and researchers of different disciplines inevitable. Since promoting the culture of peace has become a significant concern for researchers, managing the current complicated situation needs a peaceful environment. Today, a wide range of studies emphasize the importance of peace believing it can bring calmness, security, stability as well as sustainability. Considering knowledge and awareness as primary concepts in shaping insights, attitudes, and peaceful behavior, the current paper has tried to study the role of a university in promoting the culture of peace. Through a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews with experts in the education domain, a hypothesis was discussed: "the university is an active actor in promoting the culture of peace through its functions (education, research, and social responsibility) and playing a crucial role in diplomacy institution." Based on theoretical and field studies findings, a sustainable university model was found to be an effective one for peace promotion, a university that institutionalizes sustainability in educational, research, and social services.
Innovation and Technology
A. Yousefi; M. Homayounfar; A. Pagheh; A. Akhavanfar
Abstract
This paper tries to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction of dairy products with regard to the moderating role of the company's competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction ...
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This paper tries to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction of dairy products with regard to the moderating role of the company's competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of green supply chain dimensions on customer satisfaction of dairy products with regard to the moderating role of the company's competitiveness. The method used is descriptive-correlation with the survey method in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. The Likert five-point scale was used to convert qualitative information into quantitative information. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. SmartPLS3 software was used to test the hypotheses. The population of the study is 695 brands of companies engaged in the production of dairy products, of which 484 companies have received licenses from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade and 211 companies from the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture and have a total of 2352 branches in the country. SPSS Sample Power sampling software was used to determine the optimal sample size. The minimum sample size was estimated at 298 companies and 305 companies were surveyed for more assurance. The results show that internal green actions and external green participation have the greatest impact on green innovation. However, the modification effect of the company's competitiveness was not confirmed, innovation, performance and green entrepreneurship also affect customer satisfaction.
Cultural Studies
H. Poornik
Abstract
This article aims to address some of the important consequences of the Anthropocene for social relations from a sociological perspective. Stressing on the multidimensionality of environmental changes globally, the paper argues that understanding the new conditions requires interdisciplinary studies and ...
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This article aims to address some of the important consequences of the Anthropocene for social relations from a sociological perspective. Stressing on the multidimensionality of environmental changes globally, the paper argues that understanding the new conditions requires interdisciplinary studies and a reevaluation of existing approaches to nature and environmental issues in general. It uses the notion of the Anthropocene to criticize the well-established modernist view distinguishing between nature and society and to discuss that sociology must include nature as an active and constructive agent in its explanations and problem-definition processes. Additionally, this article proposes “the human-nature-society web” as an analytical framework to explain social conditions in the Anthropocene at micro and macro levels. This proposed framework is applied to shed new light on the concept of agency in social theory and to criticize the neglect of the notion of nature in shaping the agency. It also serves to underline the constructive power of nature in society in three significant areas of institutional arrangement, risk, and technology.
Future Studies of Higher Education
M. Taheri Demneh; A. Zackery; A. Asadnia
Abstract
The movement from intra-disciplinary toward inter-disciplinary approaches by focusing on real-world problems is a growing trend in higher education. Thus, next generation universities will move toward inter-disciplinary discourses. In the meantime, systematic studies of futures or futures studies have ...
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The movement from intra-disciplinary toward inter-disciplinary approaches by focusing on real-world problems is a growing trend in higher education. Thus, next generation universities will move toward inter-disciplinary discourses. In the meantime, systematic studies of futures or futures studies have also been considered by academics in various fields. In this qualitative meta-synthesis, an attempt is made to investigate the status of future-oriented studies in various disciplines in order to map the distribution these studies. Through a rigorous selection process, 737 articles were chosen and categorized into 19 main categories and 350 secondary categories which were correspondingly classified under more detailed sub-categories. The results indicate that geographical planning, security, and corporate foresight have had the highest application of futures studies. By contrast, sports, women’s studies and futures of professions had the lowest number of articles. This paper highlights the conspicuous gaps in future-oriented interdisciplinary researches along with their strength and weaknesses.
Management
Mohamadreza Mohamadiyoun; hojjatollah vahdati; S.Najmoddin Mousavi; Amir Hoshang nazarpouri
Abstract
The current research aimed to investigate the causes of hypocritical behavior and provide a model to rectify it by focusing on the function of boundary actors in education. This research has been done with a critical paradigm and qualitative approach. Since management works with and through others, the ...
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The current research aimed to investigate the causes of hypocritical behavior and provide a model to rectify it by focusing on the function of boundary actors in education. This research has been done with a critical paradigm and qualitative approach. Since management works with and through others, the lived experience and knowledge of experts in various fields of human sciences, including psychology and sociology, philosophy, history, jurisprudence, religious sciences, language and literature, and ethics have been used. The data was transcribed, and using the thematic analysis method, sampling, and coding continued until the theoretical sufficiency (saturation) was reached. As a result, two axial themes for the causes of hypocritical behavior under the names of social structure with the categories of (organizational monopoly, authoritarian thinking of some managers, traditional management of some managers, stubbornness of some managers, instrumental use of religious beliefs and feeling of injustice by some people) and the action or behavior of people with the categories of (not dealing with hypocritical behavior, denial of individuality and historical contexts) have appeared.
Considering the requirements and limitations of the education system and the priority of addressing educational issues, the contribution of this research is the central theme of boundary actors, with the categories of (moral education, psychology education, human rights values, foundation building, civic action, social capital restoration, knowledge management and the principle of meritocracy) was manifested in giving importance to philosophical topics and critical thinking methods, teaching ethics and teaching human rights principles and provided solutions.
COVID-19 Crisis
N. Fazeli
Abstract
In this paper, I aim to shed light on the cultural consequences and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian society. After a short introduction about the purpose and leading questions of the article, I will seek to delineate "the problematization of culture in Iran", and deal with this problem that ...
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In this paper, I aim to shed light on the cultural consequences and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian society. After a short introduction about the purpose and leading questions of the article, I will seek to delineate "the problematization of culture in Iran", and deal with this problem that how Iranians' collective mind, influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, has become more conscious and sensitive inspiring them to question taken-for-granted cultural matters. Then I will commit myself to characterize three discourses that have addressed the probable cultural impacts of this pandemic situation on Iranian society, including the discourses of "continuity", "discontinuity", and "critical rethinking”. My approach to the current pandemic situation is in the same vein with the critical rethinking discourse. I will put forward this viewpoint that the Coronavirus crisis has given us a great opportunity to critically revisit and reconsider our ways of life and this reconsideration will be continued regardless of its objective effects on the society’s structures. My methodology approach in this article is mainly based on discourse analysis. Theoretical and conceptual analysis is a strategy to understand available discourses about the cultural effects of the Corona Virus. I will also include my personal intuitions drawn from my lived experiences
Bahman Zandi
Abstract
The broadest language realm is the realm in which language is connected with the domains outside itself. In this scale, language has an impact on some of the environmental factors and receives influence from some of them. One of the most important of these areas is the domain of education. In this article, ...
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The broadest language realm is the realm in which language is connected with the domains outside itself. In this scale, language has an impact on some of the environmental factors and receives influence from some of them. One of the most important of these areas is the domain of education. In this article, using a descriptive–analytical research method, while introducing a new field which is prevailing in large universities in the world, the usefulness of running it in line with development of language studies with regard to Iranian linguistics issues in particular in education is dealt with. The result of the study shows that the educational linguistics as a bridge between lingual world and educational system tries to organize the educational activities with regard to lingual issues in a more ideal way. The studies of educational linguistics are focused on the role of language in learning and education. While emphasizing on the integration of linguistics and education, and using the methods and theories of linguistics, this scientific field considers the practical issues and problems of formal educational systems in the area of language learning and learning through language. It is also necessary to pay attention to three realms of language learning, learning sciences through language and the cultural and educational role of language in designing curriculum of educational linguistics in Iran. The solution to expand this study field in Iran is to establish the mission-oriented post graduate courses which could provide necessary grounds to solve the common issues between language and education.
Abbas Manoochehri; Saied Mohsen Alavi pour
Abstract
In order to make the combination of different approaches in different disciplines possible, interdisciplinary studies need to be founded on a clear theoretical framework in which explorer’s mistake could be decreased. Thus, it is necessary to apply theoretical framework of the original discipline ...
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In order to make the combination of different approaches in different disciplines possible, interdisciplinary studies need to be founded on a clear theoretical framework in which explorer’s mistake could be decreased. Thus, it is necessary to apply theoretical framework of the original discipline within the explorations in the other’s studies. This might lead the explorer towards an interdisciplinary conception of the subject. Investigating political thought in cinematic studies, the present study attempts to evaluate such hypothesis. Thus, based on Spragens’ Theoretical framework in formulating political thought, the cinematic works are analyzed beyond their aesthetic features, and so, the directors are studied as the narrators of political thought in visual mode.
Abdolhossein Khosrowpanah
Abstract
Philosophers have divided philosophy into general and special categories and believe that special philosophy deals with components of life. The selected viewpoint as to the quality of philosophy is that it deals with different features of human self. This definition allows us to discuss, on a wide scale, ...
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Philosophers have divided philosophy into general and special categories and believe that special philosophy deals with components of life. The selected viewpoint as to the quality of philosophy is that it deals with different features of human self. This definition allows us to discuss, on a wide scale, all kinds of combined philosophies that attend to realities. One of those combined philosophies is the philosophy combined with sciences with a historical and logical approach, which is also known as gate-keeping theory, which allows the researcher to take a secondary approach to external questions of sciences and discover the relationship between different scientific disciplines. That discovery not only answers questions related to combined philosophy and external scientific questions, but also turns into the most important method for discovery and establishment of interdisciplinary sciences, especially if we considered science as a common axis to which certain rules and features apply. This paper, tries to first provide a definition of choice for the modern Islamic knowledge as well as the quality and types of combined philosophy and a standard theory to claim that a combined philosophical approach to sciences or gate-keeping theory is the most important method to discover interdisciplinary sciences and that we must not stop at interdisciplinary sciences that have been thus far discovered.
Mansoore Nikoogoftar
Abstract
Explanations of social problems due to its complexity and many angles, requires interdisciplinary and integrated view of knowledge. The cultural patterns, involves integrating psychological and sociological approaches. Individualism-collectivism cultural patterns that determine a person’s relationship ...
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Explanations of social problems due to its complexity and many angles, requires interdisciplinary and integrated view of knowledge. The cultural patterns, involves integrating psychological and sociological approaches. Individualism-collectivism cultural patterns that determine a person’s relationship with the community and participation in social activities, are the different levels of the social health. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of individualism- collectivism, horizontal and vertical in social health of students. In a correlational study, 300 students (including 159 females and 141 males) with a mean age of 28.83 and standard deviation 6.8 were selected by random cluster sampling and social health questionnaire collectivism (Keyses, & Shapiro, 2004) and the scale of individualism (Triandis et al, 1988) were assessed. In order to analyze the data by correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the vertical collectivism and horizontal individualism are predictors of social health. The implications of findings were discussed.
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri
Abstract
While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The ...
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While shedding light on the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to orientalist studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper elaborates on the interdisciplinary approach to post-colonial studies in the second half of the 20th Century with a historical and analytical perspective. The paper is also intended to explain the transitional phase from multicultural studies to intercultural studies as well as the new methodological developments from a multidisciplinary approach to an interdisciplinary one as well as to examine the outcomes of these developments in the orientalist analyses of western academicians and the interactions between different disciplines in post-colonial studies. In response to the question as to “why has the orientalism been basically based on a multidisciplinary approach while the post-colonial studies have tended to rely on an interdisciplinary one”, this paper will make a review of the introvert factors caused by the assimilatory and multifaceted nature of scientific orientalism as well as the extrovert factors caused by the influence of colonial powers on the western orientalists in studying the economic, social, cultural, political, historical and literary aspects of the oriental societies. Furthermore, the paper aims at providing an explanatory method for identifying the causes of an effort for an intercultural approach towards post-colonial studies by taking into consideration and emphasizing on field research through establishing an epistemological and methodological linkage between aesthetics, etymology, anthropology, sociology, geography and political science as well as interdisciplinary cooperation among indigenous orientalists.
Saied abolhasan Riazi
Abstract
Religious places are always considered as important by believers. It is due to people’s faithful belief as well as specific spatial, meaningful structure; signs; and symbols which are in such places. In a non-religious viewpoint, the spatial analysis of these places indicates how the followers ...
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Religious places are always considered as important by believers. It is due to people’s faithful belief as well as specific spatial, meaningful structure; signs; and symbols which are in such places. In a non-religious viewpoint, the spatial analysis of these places indicates how the followers of the religion interact with these places. Therefore, it is possible to find common parameters in religious places such as: glorious structures, high ceilings, culmination of human art in every aspect, special practices in these places. The importance of these places is so much that the continuation of the religions was impossible without them in the history. Thus, spatial analysis of these special places will contribute to a two-dimensional understanding of the place (space) and human. Grand mosque – as the only Kiblah for Muslims and the most important structure in the Islamic world – has similarities and differences in comparison with other important religious structures. Among theconsiderable differences are its simplicity and avoidance of any art boasting and human creativity. Spatial analysis of the mosque indicates somehow the abstract of the Islamic Worldview about God, mankind, universe, life, death, and complicated relations between such concepts and basic words of human life.
Mohammad Bagher Khorramshad; Saied Ebrahim Sarparast Sadat
Abstract
The consequence of political life of any society is the result of how its political tendencies interact and change (Internal and External). Therefore, understanding political life of any society in possible providing that one has a profound ability to know, understand and analyze them.While due to epistemological ...
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The consequence of political life of any society is the result of how its political tendencies interact and change (Internal and External). Therefore, understanding political life of any society in possible providing that one has a profound ability to know, understand and analyze them.While due to epistemological and evolutional change of political sociology, current theories and methodologies experience some crises and shortcomings to explain political and social changes, this paper presents a second-hand and methodological question on political tendency. It was attempted to theoretically discuss both the content and form of political tendency. It was concluded that Political tendency is a coherent, analytical and conceptually mobile discipline consisted of understanding to reiteration (from specific to general). Going beyond mere description, understanding or reiteration or even propositional recreation or existing relationships among various tendencies, this study offers a more effective methodological, interdisciplinary and instrumental framework for understanding of the society and political life.
Demography
A. Abbasi; R. Sadeghi; A. Maleki; G. Balakhani
Abstract
This paper uses a meta-analysis to comparatively evaluate the factors related to fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions in Iranian studies. The analysis is based on 26 studies, 16 of which are about fertility desires and intentions, and 10 are about childbearing attitudes. The results suggest that ...
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This paper uses a meta-analysis to comparatively evaluate the factors related to fertility attitudes, desires, and intentions in Iranian studies. The analysis is based on 26 studies, 16 of which are about fertility desires and intentions, and 10 are about childbearing attitudes. The results suggest that several factors have negative effect on fertility desires and intentions such as: education; marriage age; number of children; social-economic participation; individualism; attitude to employment; foreign media and the internet. Age; rural living; income; religiosity; social protection; number of siblings; and life quality have positive effect on fertility desires and intentions. Among these factors, individualism (-0/296) and number of children (-0/224) have the most effect. The results also suggest that income and age difference between spouses have positive effect on childbearing attitude, whereas, cultural investment, education, social-economic status, age, and virtual networks have negative effect on childbearing attitudes, in which income (0/272) and age (0/258) have the most effect. Therefore, there are a lot of social factors which play important roles in determining childbearing in Iran and therefore, social planners need to pay attention to them.
