Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities

Abstract The business environment, especially in the industrial sector, is undergoing transformation, and job prospects are rapidly evolving. Changes in social conditions and transformations in the global, national, and local economies are among the influential factors on the new business ecosystem. In such circumstances, university education, particularly in vocational universities, requires restructuring in its programs and orientations to ensure the continuity of businesses with economic and social needs, thereby leading to an improvement in the economic and social situation. Private (non-profit) universities, due to their more agile structures and greater financial independence, possess characteristics that suggest they can operate successfully and effectively in this field. The ability of these universities to create a learning ecosystem based on local needs, their speed in designing and implementing new academic programs, and their capacity to employ diverse human resources can be instrumental in this regard. In this research, the dimensions of this issue have been studied using content analysis. This means that, after reviewing the research literature, indicators of university-industry collaboration, as the core driver of the university's relationship with businesses, were determined. Based on this, an effort was made to consider degrees of the impact of this collaboration on economic and social dimensions. Finally, the research findings indicate that, assuming the formation of effective and efficient university-industry collaboration, it can be expected that by establishing connections between top universities and large industrial sectors, and between medium and small universities with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a more dynamic learning ecosystem will be created, and the effectiveness of universities on the economic and social environment will increase.

Abstract Cyberstalking, which is represented by the improper use of communication technologies to harass, threaten, or harassingly monitor other users, is considered one of the emerging forms of destructive behaviors in social networks. The present study, using the situational action theory, examined this phenomenon and the factors affecting it. The main goal of this study is to identify the effects of moral values, self-control, perceived deterrence, and moral context on the occurrence of cyberstalking in the duality of agency and structure. The research method is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population includes students at the University of Tehran. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 304 students from the faculties of the University of Tehran were selected. The research tools include scales of cyberstalking, moral values, self-control, situational morality, and perceived deterrence. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software version 4. The findings showed that Both propensity to deviance (beta coefficient: 0.41) and criminogenic setting (beta coefficient: 0.37) were significantly associated with cyberstalking perpetration. The moderating effect of propensity to deviance on the relationship between criminogenic setting and cyberstalking perpetration (beta coefficient: 0.17) was also significant. The findings indicate the simultaneous importance of agency - moral values and self-control - and structure - the situational morality and perceived deterrence - in the occurrence of cyberstalking. Accordingly, designing educational and cultural interventions with the aim of promoting moral values and strengthening self-control among students seems necessary. Also, a review of supervisory and educational policies is recommended to create a healthier environment in cyberspace.

Abstract Desert and merit are always related to social and natural talents and assets. Each person or organization is morally permitted to benefit from its reserves and capacities from the standpoint that justifies and grants deserve. However, an opposing viewpoint claims that one should benefit from each other's good in a well-ordered society. Rejecting or accepting moral desert in the entrepreneurial environment drives distinct economics and cultural behaviors. As such, the idea of the moral desert is reflected by the behavior of the human resources department of entrepreneurial organizations, the logic of profit, and the distribution of resources. This research aimed to investigate and describe the viewpoints of several actors of the entrepreneurship ecosystem on desert-related issues using the duoethnographic method. These empirical data indicated that the justice concept is often understood, described, and reproduced in meritocratic and libertarian frameworks within the culture of the Iranian startup ecosystem. In this field, the insights of communitarians and theoreticians of liberal equality and deontological liberalism do not have a compelling future. The rethinking and doubts expressed by the parties involved in the research indicated that there is not a significant diversity of opinions on justice in this ecosystem, and there are also challenges to the settlement of justice as a remedial virtue.

Abstract In recent decades, philosophers of science have focused on how science is influenced and structured by values. This view stands in contrast to the ideal of "value-free science," which views the intrinsic involvement of non-cognitive values in scientific practice as destructive. However, today, there are many criticisms of this ideal, and it is referred to as a "bad ideal." It is now widely accepted that values and value judgments are involved in various ways of scientific practice—from selecting research projects to evaluating and accepting scientific results. This issue holds even greater importance in futures studies as a value-laden science, given its humanistic and interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary nature, which seeks to shape and construct the future. Accordingly, this article examines the role and influence of values in futures studies to clarify which forms of value involvement are legitimate and which are not. To address this question, two approaches are adopted: first, proposing a typology of values based on their goals, and second, distinguishing between the direct and indirect roles of values. Then, an attempt is made to adapt these approaches to the futures studies literature. Finally, we argue that considering these aspects can provide futurists with a framework for understanding the role and structure of values, potentially enhancing the quality, credibility, and authority of futures studies.
Keywords: desert, merit, entrepreneurship, duoethnography
In recent decades, philosophers of science have focused on how science is influenced and structured by values. This view stands in contrast to the ideal of "value-free science," which views the intrinsic involvement of non-cognitive values in scientific practice as destructive. However, today, there are many criticisms of this ideal, and it is referred to as a "bad ideal." It is now widely accepted that values and value judgments are involved in various ways of scientific practice—from selecting research projects to evaluating and accepting scientific results. This issue holds even greater importance in futures studies as a value-laden science, given its humanistic and interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary nature, which seeks to shape and construct the future. Accordingly, this article examines the role and influence of values in futures studies to clarify which forms of value involvement are legitimate and which are not. To address this question, two approaches are adopted: first, proposing a typology of values based on their goals, and second, distinguishing between the direct and indirect roles of values. Then, an attempt is made to adapt these approaches to the futures studies literature. Finally, we argue that considering these aspects can provide futurists with a framework for understanding the role and structure of values, potentially enhancing the quality, credibility, and authority of futures studies.

Abstract In recent decades, philosophers of science have addressed the question of how science is influenced and shaped by values. This view stands in contrast to the ideal of “value-free science,” which considers the internal involvement of non-cognitive values in scientific practice to be detrimental. Today, however, this ideal has been widely criticized and is regarded as flawed. It is now accepted that values and value judgments intervene in various stages of scientific activity—from decision-making about the selection of research projects to the evaluation and acceptance of scientific results. The significance of this issue is heightened in futures studies as a value-laden science, since it is a pragmatic, human-centered, and inter/transdisciplinary field that seeks to shape and construct the future. Accordingly, this article examines the place and major roles of values in futures studies to clarify which forms of value involvement are legitimate and which are not. To address this question, two approaches are adopted: 1) presenting a typology of values according to their purposes, and 2) distinguishing between the direct and indirect roles of values. These approaches are then aligned with the literature and foundations of futures studies. Attention to these issues can provide futurists with a framework for understanding the ways in which values and their structures play a role, thereby influencing the quality, credibility, and authority of futures studies.

Abstract The integration of social sciences with the field of energy has led to the emergence of the interdisciplinary knowledge field of energy social sciences in developed countries and its utilization in the field of action. This issue has faced refusal in Iran, the reasons for which we have analyzed in the elecricity industry from the point of view of experts in this field as well as the field of social sciences. Theories and researches have pointed to ideological, institutional, cognitive and capacity barriers. We have done research in this framework and the use of interview-based qualitative methodology in data acquisition and thematic analysis in data analyzing. experts in the electricity industry; Anomic conditions of sustainable development, Organizational culture based on everyday life, predominance of technical-bureaucratic thinking and non-participatory governance and social science experts; Challenges within social science discourse, lack of interdisciplinary approach, lack of common discourse context of electricity industry with social sciences and public culture with limiting elements are mentioned as obstacles. In terms of nature; these factors are ideological, institutional, epistemic and capacity that play a role in the fields of governance of industry, university and society. The development of interdisciplinary studies of energy social sciences in Iran requires discourse creation in this framework.