Sana Safari
Abstract
Higher education as a human resource development and production of knowledge system play an important role in economic development, social and cultural rights in any country. The role of human development, particularly in developing countries and experienced professionals, especially faculty is undeniable. ...
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Higher education as a human resource development and production of knowledge system play an important role in economic development, social and cultural rights in any country. The role of human development, particularly in developing countries and experienced professionals, especially faculty is undeniable. In this twenty-year perspective can be considered for future community development. In this document, the need to develop human resources with advanced knowledge, enabling the production of science and technology, human resources and social capital rests on top of emphasis. Hence the importance of higher education can be realized in the future development of the country. Thus, the nature and quality of an institution of higher education depends on the quality of its faculty member. Respond to the emerging needs of the scientific communities interdisciplinary studies are needed. The article focus on the concept of the faculty development and different aspect of it then new approaches to the role of faculty in promoting interdisciplinary research located at the end of the analysis and new strategies is presented to improve the quality of interdisciplinary science.
Innovation and Technology
M. Shafati; M.R. Abdoli; H. Valian
Abstract
We cannot prove our claims by referring to directly experienced perceptions, quotations, or historical documents, including in audits whose main feature is the exercise of professional judgment. Judgment must be supported by strong reasoning to be considered more valuable. In this study, we introduce ...
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We cannot prove our claims by referring to directly experienced perceptions, quotations, or historical documents, including in audits whose main feature is the exercise of professional judgment. Judgment must be supported by strong reasoning to be considered more valuable. In this study, we introduce the factors that can improve the argument. The research methodology, which was conducted over a one-year period from February 2019 to February 2020, is mixed. In this study, with the help of 13 experts in the field of auditing, accounting and finance, with the help of Delphi method, 24 factors affecting the argument in 3 Delphi repetitions have been calculated. Also, the content validity ratio) CVR (and content validity index) is CVI (validation validation). Then, with the help of comprehensive fuzzy interpretive structural modeling method, the factors are modeled at 11 levels. It has been collected in which the discrepancy rate of 0.0024 has been reported. In the lowest level of the comprehensive structural model of comprehensive interpretation, the auditor's intelligence and experience, auditing and accounting standards and audit instructions are considered as influential factors and are at the highest level of the model. The comprehensive inclusive interpretive structure obtained enables the defense and non-bias of the text, as well as the auditor's skepticism and independence. Adequacy and transparency in information have been extracted as linking factors, which shows that the emphasis of auditors and managers on these factors can improve the strength of the auditor's reasoning. Finally, with the help of experts and research background, why the relationship and interpretation of these relationships in the model. The final count is specified.
Climatology
M. Rahmanian; H. Afkhami
Abstract
Climate change affects many aspects of human life, such as the economy, environment and society. Although its consequences are invisible for the public in short term, they are often informed about the negative aspects of climate change through the media. In other words, the media dedicate and cover news ...
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Climate change affects many aspects of human life, such as the economy, environment and society. Although its consequences are invisible for the public in short term, they are often informed about the negative aspects of climate change through the media. In other words, the media dedicate and cover news in order to make people aware about the impact of climate change. Number of researches has been conducted on the way the media frame and cover the climatic issues in many countries, but there is no such at present to show how this particular is being covered in the Iranian media. This paper is the first academic research to examine the coverage of climate change in the Iranian press. We have analyzed 388 climate stories published on 15 well-known national newspapers by using SPSS software and applying the quantitative content analysis method to understand how these newspapers could present climate stories. Findings show that the Iranian press often used “Conflict” and “Environmental Consequences” frames to illustrate climate change issues, but “Scientific Uncertainty” and “Current Weather” were rarely mentioned. Moreover, these newspapers relied mainly on “Experts” as sources more than the other sources to present climate stories.
Interdisciplinary
R. Nikravesh; G. Islami; J. Sabernejad; A. Kalantari
Abstract
This research focuses on the expansion of educational spaces compatible with the teacher-centered method that has caused the lack of improvement of these spaces with the student-oriented instruction methods. The hypothesis is that by applying constructivist approaches and theories of social production ...
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This research focuses on the expansion of educational spaces compatible with the teacher-centered method that has caused the lack of improvement of these spaces with the student-oriented instruction methods. The hypothesis is that by applying constructivist approaches and theories of social production of space, school environments can be designed to enhance students’ interactions and active participation in learning that ultimately increases their motivation for education. The research is descriptive-analytical in nature and follows a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach as well as uses a developmental method. The educational spaces of three purposefully selected schools are analyzed using various theories. The analysis results in the identification of five types of educational spaces that can support the application of constructivist methods of instruction and promote students' social interactions. The proposed spatial structure includes classroom sets, public spaces, and common areas, aiming to create a spatial convergence and fluidity that prevent spatial disarray. The intention is to move away from teacher-oriented spaces and towards more flexible and open environments that foster social interactions and student engagement. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of how educational spaces can be adapted to facilitate the student-oriented instruction and promote constructivist learning approaches. The findings offer insights into the design principles that can enhance students' motivation and active participation in the education process.
Interdisciplinary
Sakineh Hozhabr Lake; K. Jalili Kohne Shahri; ahmad Reza Nazari charvadeh
Abstract
Postmodern poetry can be considered a suitable reference for archetypal studies due to the features of revealing and deconstructing verbal topics. Considering the frequency of words, combinations, and phrases related to anger, violence, and death in postmodern Persian poetry, the present research attempts ...
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Postmodern poetry can be considered a suitable reference for archetypal studies due to the features of revealing and deconstructing verbal topics. Considering the frequency of words, combinations, and phrases related to anger, violence, and death in postmodern Persian poetry, the present research attempts to ask the following question: “What is the reason for the exaggerated tendency of postmodern poets to express anger and violence in poetry?” The images of “social anger and violence”, “individual anger and violence”, and “death” are studied in the works of a number of postmodern poets using a descriptive-analytical method and considering an interdisciplinary approach to literature and two domains of social and psychological criticisms. The result showed the plurality of reflections on “violence towards women”, “moral corruption”, and “war”, as well as anomalies such as “drug use” in the social violence section, and “suicide” and “masochism” in the individual violence section result from the pervasive “death thoughts”. “Thinking of death” which is one of the signs of the dominance of the shadow archetype in the human unconscious mind, has become a current thought in postmodern poetry and, as a result, one of the main features of this poetic flow. Postmodern poets have tried to show the darkness and inner anger in society, using isolating and terrifying images related to “death” and also move their poetic process towards darkness and terror, so it can be claimed that among the contemporary poets, those who were unconsciously defeated by the shadow archetype have turned to postmodern poetry.
Language and Literature
V. R. Mirzaeian
Abstract
One of major concerns of human beings regardless of their religion or school of thought is to observe ethical issues. This paper discusses the issue and lays emphasis on observing ethical matters in teaching in virtual learning environments in general and computer assisted language learning in particular. ...
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One of major concerns of human beings regardless of their religion or school of thought is to observe ethical issues. This paper discusses the issue and lays emphasis on observing ethical matters in teaching in virtual learning environments in general and computer assisted language learning in particular. The paper tries to throw light on the current status of observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments and drawing both instructors and students’ attention to this issue. The research has been conducted by using two questionnaires one given to students and the other to instructors. Data analysis revealed that majority of instructors observed ethical issues when confronted with students’ personal details. Students were most sensitive regarding disclosing their personal photos in these virtual environments; however, they were comfortable if their personal details were controlled by the instructors. The Chi-Square test showed no substantial difference between gender and observing ethical issues in virtual learning environments.
Innovation and Technology
A. Bayat Seyed Shahabi; M.R. Saeid Abadi; D. Khajeheian
Abstract
With the epidemic of social media and the empowerment of users to partner with media organizations, the value creation has become an increasing trend in the media industry. News agencies are among organizations that are significantly influenced by users’ participation through social media, citizen ...
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With the epidemic of social media and the empowerment of users to partner with media organizations, the value creation has become an increasing trend in the media industry. News agencies are among organizations that are significantly influenced by users’ participation through social media, citizen journalism, and user-generated content, and benefit from users’ participation in a variety of ways, from news content to analysis and discussions. The current research identifies components and dimensions of value creation in news agencies and develops a strategic model by surveying 735 active users of "Fars.me" system belonging to the Fars News Agency. The research model is based on the motivation of users’ participation in value creation under the influenced of three types: relationship, economic and entertainment values, which result in attitudinal and behavioral loyalty by strengthening the brand. By executing a questionnaire and data collection from 12,330 users who have registered a subject in Fars.me at least once, then using a quantitative approach as well as SPSS, EXCEL, and SMART-PL software, completed questionnaires were analyzed and the proposed model was confirmed. Findings show that the participation of news network audience has had a positive effect on creating relational, entertainment and economic values, respectively, and by strengthening the brand value of the news agency, increases attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of the audience.
Research and Technology
R. Mahdi; A. Keykha
Abstract
Investigating and solving the problem of innovative research at universities can help improve the role of these institutions in developing technology and knowledge exchange among different social and economic audiences as well as contribute to more effective interactions between universities and society. ...
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Investigating and solving the problem of innovative research at universities can help improve the role of these institutions in developing technology and knowledge exchange among different social and economic audiences as well as contribute to more effective interactions between universities and society. The purpose of this article is to identify and report innovation in the field of research, technology, and knowledge exchange in major universities located in Tehran. This research has been carried out quantitatively based on institutional registration data in two steps. First, the components of the model or conceptual framework were identified through an unsystematic review of the documents. The components include innovation in inputs, processes, and outputs. Inputs encompass human and financial resources aw well as infrastructure; processes involve structures, organizations, mechanisms, and procedures; and outputs comprise of creation and application of knowledge and technology, demand-oriented research projects, the quantity and quality of published scientific articles, books, journals, faculty members' scientific ranks, honors they possess, the expansion of postgraduate education, technological units, start-ups, knowledge-based companies and accelerators, international scientific mobility, and income in the field of research, technology, and knowledge exchange. Second, the state of innovation in eight universities under study has been analyzed in the context of research, technology, and knowledge exchange. In these universities, innovation was found to exist in both concept and perspective: innovation in the research and technology system and its elements and components, and the support of universities and the university research and technology system for transformation and innovation to address stagnation, stasis, and recession. Universities have undergone significant transformation and innovation in research inputs, processes, and outputs, technology, and knowledge exchange, hence, they actively support and promote innovation.
A. Manoochehri
Abstract
With the unprecedented speed of diffusion, and with the unimagined persistence in disturbingly challenging human interaction from minute to mega level, the Covid -19 has now become a major preoccupation for experts as well as the lay people everywhere. Coronavirus has not only jeopardized human’s ...
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With the unprecedented speed of diffusion, and with the unimagined persistence in disturbingly challenging human interaction from minute to mega level, the Covid -19 has now become a major preoccupation for experts as well as the lay people everywhere. Coronavirus has not only jeopardized human’s health, but has even more effectively disrupted human lifeworld in a limitless fashion. Simultaneously, it is also a fact that the time interval between pandemics is shortening and the density and destructive power of each new one is increasing. This means that humanity is not threatened only by a particular virus, but it is experiencing the situation of a devastating trend of intensifying pandemics. Obviously, there have been increasing attempts, scientifically and otherwise, to find answers regarding pandemics in general and for Coronavirus in particular. There is also a consensus that Coronavirus comes from wildlife and its threat for humanity is persistent. But it seems that questions about possible ways and approaches to prevent or to resolve the riddle of pandemics requires something more than what paradigmatically dispersed and discursively confined “knowledge” of present Age can provide. This article is an attempt to encounter this phenomenon from an interdisciplinary standpoint. It is claimed here that all questions, fears, and anxieties regarding “Corona” can be answered if it is recognized that the contemporary Life/World has already been a world - in crisis due to the requirements of technicization the results of which are now fully manifested in apparently intrusive, but world- imbedded - deadly virus.
7th Development Plan in Iran
F. Sorkheh Dehi; A. Ashtari Mehrjardi
Abstract
Despite a long history of planning, Iran still faces many economic and social problems. For instance, production as the most important pillar of industrial development encounters with enormous challenges. The main question is what are the problems and disadvantages of development programs in the economic ...
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Despite a long history of planning, Iran still faces many economic and social problems. For instance, production as the most important pillar of industrial development encounters with enormous challenges. The main question is what are the problems and disadvantages of development programs in the economic and cultural fields, to support production and productive activities and industrial development? To respond, the analytical-descriptive method and content analysis in the framework of theoretical foundations of the institutionalist economics approach have been used. A review of development programs shows that most of the production protection laws in development programs deal with financial ones, but the production sector still faces problems despite financial support. The results indicate that the lack of clear industrial development strategy, the lack of attention to anti-production economic culture, the lack of identification of productive activities, attractiveness of investing in unproductive activities, the lack of appropriate tax policies, the lack of access to all bank accounts and transparency, unstable macroeconomic environment and insecurity of property rights are the most important problems of production and have caused financial protections to lead to unproductive rants and increased rant seeking. Another important but neglected issue in development planning is the lack of strategy for the transformation of economic culture and the mood of society on the path of industrial production and development. Neglecting this important issue has increased distrust and reduced social capital and anti-production culture.
Reza Akbarinoori; Raziyeh Mosavikhorshidi; Mohammadreza Golaij
Abstract
From the late 1960s, a fundamental shift took place from Modernism to Post-Modernism in art and aesthetic fields: "post-modernism as a movement against the simple functional art and design styles of modernism".Some described this movement as a "conservative reaction of modernism to itself". Basically, ...
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From the late 1960s, a fundamental shift took place from Modernism to Post-Modernism in art and aesthetic fields: "post-modernism as a movement against the simple functional art and design styles of modernism".Some described this movement as a "conservative reaction of modernism to itself". Basically, post-modernism as a "part of modernism" is considered as an outcome and result of modernism which stood against modernistic beliefs and thoughts.From the fundamental tenets of post-modernism which shape its other branches, one can mention to: belief in difference, diversity and pluralism, criticism of common scientific methods and rationalism, negation of any meta-narrative and any all-encompassing universal theory. Post-modernism, as to other fields of social science, has also affected urban planning from the late 1980s and caused change in the commonly applied views, processes, results, principles and methods and, in short, in the thinking and practice of planning. Post-modernist planning is depicted as a severance from modernist intellectual tradition. Such a view insists on two significant distinctions between modernist paradigm of urban planning and post-modernist paradigm: first, epistemological basis of planning, and, second, application of normative values and theory in planning. Today, post-modernist approach is prevailing in all levels of plans, even unconsciously, and often as a part of them, and forms their strategic visions, goals, priorities and their outlines. The present research aims to examine post-modernist approach in planning from different aspects.
Masoumeh Qarakhani
Abstract
One characteristic of interdisciplinary educations is creating a connection between theoretical and practical spheres of education, and also establishing an effective bond between science and everyday social realities. “Social policy”, as an interdisciplinary, that deals with systematic and ...
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One characteristic of interdisciplinary educations is creating a connection between theoretical and practical spheres of education, and also establishing an effective bond between science and everyday social realities. “Social policy”, as an interdisciplinary, that deals with systematic and complex issues in everyday life includes the both characteristics. Although “Social policy” has established its own independent identity as a university discipline in some universities around the world; its necessity as a part of the structure of academic education has not been recognized in a clear and independent way in Iran. The present research, while aware of the insufficient attention given to the interdisciplinary of “social policy” in Iran, seek to answer this research question: What are the conditions of possibility and reasons for preventing the establishment of “social policy” in the higher education of Iransocial? Based on the findings, the nature of the subject of “social policy”, the defective structure of academic education in Iran, and the inefficacy of the intellectual discourse in paying attention to subjects related to “social policy” can be highlighted as the reasons for preventing the establishment of “social policy”. The conditions of possibility for the establishment of “social policy” as an interdisciplinary, can be examined at two levels. First, at the cognitive level, which concerns the strategic role of “social policy” discipline in social policy-making, and second, at the applied level, which requires understanding the problematic social conditions in Iran and the necessity of a scientific understanding of these conditions. Therefore, the establishment of academic “social policy” can be concerned with its epistemological aspect with the aim of developing social knowledge in Iran, and also, considering its functional importance and its applicative role, it can help reduce the costs of social policy-making opportunities by establishing a connection between social, political and security aspects and the scientific aspects of social phenomena.
Ghasem Darzi; Ahmad Pakatchi
Abstract
Cultural translation is one of the most important Linguistic necessities of interdisciplinary studies in which its purpose is matching the cultural themes of variant disciplines. Cultural semiotics has tree models for this purpose: Cultural Other, Semiosphere ...
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Cultural translation is one of the most important Linguistic necessities of interdisciplinary studies in which its purpose is matching the cultural themes of variant disciplines. Cultural semiotics has tree models for this purpose: Cultural Other, Semiosphere & Creolization. The model of Cultural Other supposes empathy as a key for resolving “other” in Intercultural communication. Semiosphere is the one in which its center the cultural texts introduce and outside of it, anarchy threats the inside of Semiosphere; and it is the Cooperation of inside and outside of the Semiosphere that create a new culture. In Creolication model, the formation of intercultural languages has examined. Knowing the state of this, could lead the interdisciplinary researchers into a criterion interdisciplinary. Undoubtedly the cultural study of linguistic necessities in interdisciplinary studies. So the cultural semiotics models are the maintain Framework for this article.
Mohammad Asgari
Abstract
The thinking skills training, especially critical thinking ones, has received due consideration since the intent times. The multi-domain nature of the issues related to the human society has increased the significance of the critical thinking training (C. T. T.) as the basis for interdisciplinary courses. ...
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The thinking skills training, especially critical thinking ones, has received due consideration since the intent times. The multi-domain nature of the issues related to the human society has increased the significance of the critical thinking training (C. T. T.) as the basis for interdisciplinary courses. This paper addresses such training through interdisciplinary approaches focusing on the following issues: How to think about the logical principles underlying each topic, training the key principles of thought, thought and its significance in changing an individual into a critical thinker, thinking training within a specific domain, how to realize the underlying logics and thought in a text, significance of asking questions in C.T.T. , and considering the issues through various conflicting views. Based on the critical approaches, and acquired model was introduced to C.T.T.
Demography
M. Bagi
Abstract
Considering changes to the age structure of the population and macro-level socioeconomic transformations that Iran has experienced, marriage trends between different periods and generations are expected to go along with a change. This paper aims to examine periodic and generational changes in marriage ...
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Considering changes to the age structure of the population and macro-level socioeconomic transformations that Iran has experienced, marriage trends between different periods and generations are expected to go along with a change. This paper aims to examine periodic and generational changes in marriage and the determinants of marriage probability over the last four decades using the multilevel age-period-cohort method. For this purpose, the data from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey were analyzed. The findings showed that in both sexes, younger cohorts delay their marriage compared to the older ones and hence marry at older ages. The percentage of married women in all cohorts is higher than men until 35 years, but at older ages, there is an opposite tendency. Periodic trends confirm these results. The age-period-cohort analysis reveals women marry earlier than men in all periods and cohorts, but the marriage probability among them is less than men. Tertiary education and employment are found to be crucial variables in reducing the probability of marriage in different periods and cohorts but their impacts are varied in two sexes. The breadwinner male model of the Iranian family i.e., employment has led to the increase in marriage probability of men but at the same time decrease the women’s marriage probability. Given the expansion of higher education and the prolongation of the education period, it is expected that in case of lack of appropriate policies and programs for youth, the delay in marriage with continue. In this way, planners need to take into account the changes that have taken place at family and community levels over the past decades in their policies.
Ebrahim Barzegar
Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies were considered necessary after revelations about weaknesses and shortcomings of specialization as well as ramifications in sciences. This idea puts emphasis on integration of sciences in such fields as philosophy, natural sciences, mathematical sciences, and humanities. Emergence ...
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Interdisciplinary studies were considered necessary after revelations about weaknesses and shortcomings of specialization as well as ramifications in sciences. This idea puts emphasis on integration of sciences in such fields as philosophy, natural sciences, mathematical sciences, and humanities. Emergence of interdisciplinary courses is, on the one hand, rooted in objective realities and emergence of separate, but multifaceted phenomena which called for an interdisciplinary approach to problems and their solutions as well as a general and inclusive measure. On the other hand, they stem from theoretical contentions and critique of positivistic scientific methods. Interdisciplinary studies both do away with limitations and shortcomings of specialistic studies, and provide new capacities and research facilities for different fields of science.
Morteza Bahrani
Abstract
It seems that the focus and emphasis on discipline and interdiscipline in the area of knowledge and episteme has a link to the knowledge classification and social and cultural relations of knowledge. The history of knowledge classification shows that the classification criteria are either ontological ...
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It seems that the focus and emphasis on discipline and interdiscipline in the area of knowledge and episteme has a link to the knowledge classification and social and cultural relations of knowledge. The history of knowledge classification shows that the classification criteria are either ontological and moral or methodological and epistemological. The ontological basis is on the fact that existence is hierarchical; moral basis also depends on the amount of effectiveness and usefulness of the knowledge in providing the needs of practical life in individual or social dimensions. Contrarily, methodological basis is formed on the fact that methods for discovering the truth and proving the correct viewpoint are very various. Therefore, method of episteme acquisition in some knowledge is considered different and more complete than others. Similarly, any field of knowledge based on epistemologyhas emphasized on the truth system. The fact that which criterion should be used for knowledge classification also determines the knowledge owners’ trend towards discipline or interdiscipline. Considering this differentiation, “interdisciplinary” in the first instance has been brought up according to the moral and methodological basis and, contrarily, “discipline” has been obtained according to the methodological and epistemological basis. In the modern age, “discipline” has become the base of education and research due to the domination of the classification resulted from the method and truth criteria. But because of the shortcomings found in these criteria, once again ontological and moral criteria and consequently interdisciplinary came into consideration. Fluidity in the “method” criterion – as a means of classifying the knowledge -- has challenged the current boundaries, and taking into account the usefulness of knowledge for problem solving promises interdisciplinary collaborations in the future. Thus, this research studies this issue.
Reza Mahoozi
Abstract
In Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view, Knowledge is synonymous with philosophy. This root divided to theoretical and practical branches. From these two derived different types of specialized sciences. In this cluster diagram come together two pictures of unity and plurality of specialized disciplines. ...
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In Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view, Knowledge is synonymous with philosophy. This root divided to theoretical and practical branches. From these two derived different types of specialized sciences. In this cluster diagram come together two pictures of unity and plurality of specialized disciplines. However, this position is not the equivalent of modern disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. It's not even equivalent of unity of these two together. This kind of Science is different of Science in modern period. This paper wants to show the Al Farabi and Avicenna point of view about Sciences is not the disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. At the end, I use the word of Predisciplinary for Al Farabi and Avicenna's view.
Jamal Salimi; Hasan Maleki
Abstract
The theoretical basis of interdisciplinary curriculum is found in progressive educational philosophy. The progressive movement is an approach to learning that places great emphasis on creativity, active learning, "naturalistic" learning, real world outcomes, and experience. The other more recent theoretical ...
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The theoretical basis of interdisciplinary curriculum is found in progressive educational philosophy. The progressive movement is an approach to learning that places great emphasis on creativity, active learning, "naturalistic" learning, real world outcomes, and experience. The other more recent theoretical basis for interdisciplinary curriculum is found in constructivism theory. Constructivism is a theory of learning that states that each person must construct his or her own reality. The constructivism principle states that experience is the key to meaningful learning, not someone else's experience abstracted and condensed into textbook form, but it is based on one's own direct experience. In the interdisciplinary curriculum, the debates about themes or content development will refuse any disciplinary classification. The content will define on exist problems and this problem must to have a bases in reality. The essential and real problems of life will be a basic that must to use not only in design of curriculum bout also in the process of teaching. In the other hand, the curriculum has core elements that have not correct structure without them. In this article, we try to reviewing the literature of interdisciplinary curriculum in higher education and in other section, we will determine core element of higher education interdisciplinary curriculum and practical guideline to design an interdisciplinary curriculum.
Saied Sadraldin Mousavi; Masood Darroudi
Abstract
Postcolonial studies is a new discipline dealing with non-Western countries and their cultures, which fall within the scope of cultural studies. This critical approach refers to a set of theoretical attitudes which analyze the colonial discourse with emphasis on colonial consequences. These studies lay ...
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Postcolonial studies is a new discipline dealing with non-Western countries and their cultures, which fall within the scope of cultural studies. This critical approach refers to a set of theoretical attitudes which analyze the colonial discourse with emphasis on colonial consequences. These studies lay emphasis on colonialism as an intangible and cultural issue which still exists. The field and subject matter of postcolonial studies, due to emergence of new issues, has a very wide scope. This is because of the wide scope of the subjects falling within scope of postcolonial studies, which include, theory, literary critique, economic and political studies as well as research about colonial governments, identity and cultural studies. This leads to some ambiguities and controversies in the primary encounters of the researchers with this field of studies, causing some writers to consider conceptual unity and integrity for this field. It seems that a more precise study of the branches and approaches of this field is necessary. Hence, attempts have been made in the present paper to restudy the subject matter and approaches of postcolonial studies and analyze the ignored aspects of this discipline through a critical approach.
Hosein Ebrahimabadi
Abstract
Establishing and expanding the Interdisciplinary Higher Education has been one the major concerns and programs of the Ministry of Science between 1385 and 1388. A brief look at the programs, activities and results of establishing and expanding the “Interdisciplinary Higher Education” plan ...
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Establishing and expanding the Interdisciplinary Higher Education has been one the major concerns and programs of the Ministry of Science between 1385 and 1388. A brief look at the programs, activities and results of establishing and expanding the “Interdisciplinary Higher Education” plan shows that the universities, Scientific Community, and even relevant staff of the Ministry of Science have been reluctant towards the plan. This approach is generally due to lack of conceptual quality and practical context, not being dependent to the requirements of the national environment, incompatible with the social and knowledge context, and specifically due to preferring the Interdisciplinary education to research, unavailability of the teacher-content, and unclear pattern of the Interdisciplinary education. Considering the origin and source of the idea of the Interdisciplinary knowledge, this paper tries to study the barriers which prevent moving from the Discipline-Based Education to the Interdisciplinary Education and Learning, in the context of expanding the frontiers of knowledge, new learning approaches and special emphasis on the experience of Iran. Then, two patterns of Discipline-Based Education and Interdisciplinary-Based Education will be compared and the features of the Interdisciplinary Education will be discussed. In the end, some plans for improving and changing the process of Interdisciplinary Education and the pattern of E-Learning and Web-Based Learning as a new and effective capacity for achieving the Interdisciplinary goals will be studied.
MohammadHassan Khani
Abstract
Imam Sadiq University was established as a non-governmental academic institution in Iran in 1982 aiming at combining certain branches of Humanities with Islamic studies. In this article the author tries to evaluate the success and failure of declared aims of the ISU founders to make Islamic Studies not ...
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Imam Sadiq University was established as a non-governmental academic institution in Iran in 1982 aiming at combining certain branches of Humanities with Islamic studies. In this article the author tries to evaluate the success and failure of declared aims of the ISU founders to make Islamic Studies not only relevant to the needs of contemporary societies but rather an integrated part of academic discipline. This paper is an attempt to introduce this innovation in combining Islamic studies with other academic subjects, namely, Political Sciences, Management, Economics, Law and Communications at ISU and tries to explore the challenges facing this endeavor.
Interdisciplinary
M. Heydarian; H.R. Ghorbani; H. Arab; Sh. Parse
Abstract
Geographical information system (GIS) technology has a variety of facilities and programs based on software features and functionalities. It has been increasingly used within archaeological research contexts over the last 30 years. The widespread use of this system in archaeology is a product ...
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Geographical information system (GIS) technology has a variety of facilities and programs based on software features and functionalities. It has been increasingly used within archaeological research contexts over the last 30 years. The widespread use of this system in archaeology is a product of the proliferation and availability of geographic software programs, advances in computer technology and, abundance of spatial data in archaeology. Iranian archaeology is not an exception to this rule. In recent years many researches and thesis have appropriately used these tools in their studies. This study reviews the necessity of using spatial theories in archaeology and review the application of this system in Iranian archaeology. After reviewing applied activities based on this systems in landscape studies and intra-site applications in Iran , it was clear that archaeologists have not completely identified the capabilities and features of this system. Absence of legitimate uses by geography graduates assisting in archaeological studies are the most important difficulties in the way of GIS in Iranian archaeology. However, other factors such as difficulty of spatial models suitable for all objects and various forms from excavations; the lack of database updates; length of archaeological interpretations of excavations for printing; a great variety of objects, concepts and specific functions; mapping and image analysis; cultural and regional diversity; chronology and historical context; financial deterrents; the lack of consensus among the Iranian archaeologists and so on affect this matter as well.
Mohammad Reza Hatami; Hamed Roshan Chashm
Abstract
Contemporary developments in recent decades have led researchers and research institutes to focus on collaborativeand interdisciplinarystudies. Due to holistic necessary in understanding the problems and the complexityand multi-dimensionality nature of the issues which the researchers are faced, the ...
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Contemporary developments in recent decades have led researchers and research institutes to focus on collaborativeand interdisciplinarystudies. Due to holistic necessary in understanding the problems and the complexityand multi-dimensionality nature of the issues which the researchers are faced, the ideathat the effort of scientificresearchersto solvea range ofissuesbased ontheirexpertise without the collaboration of expertsfrom otherdisciplines and even when the solutions provided; particularly in research related to social issues - may instead of providing solutions for all aspects of the problem, causing multiple solutions without effectiveness. In order to reduce this matter the social researches may assistresearchers from other fieldsof science in their studies and a convergence between different fields of studies is needed. The main aim of present research is providing solutions to convergence the field of humanities,naturaland engineering. In order to achieve the research objective the documentary method was employed.
Behavioral Sciences
V. Arshadi; M. Salimifar; A. A. Naji Meidani; B. Mahram
Abstract
The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors regarding the effect of Islamic teachings on family economic action through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory method”. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the ...
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The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors regarding the effect of Islamic teachings on family economic action through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory method”. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the matter, a semi-structured interview with 16 experts on Islamic economy, Muslim consumer behavior, educational sciences, psychology and sociology and the issue of values and actions has served as the main research tool. The samples were selected through purposive sampling and snowball method, and interviews were conducted to the point of theoretical saturation. Findings of data analysis in this three steps show that factors such as the synergy of the high quality of transfer of teachings from formal and informal education institutes, high quality of the perception of teachings by family members, high quality of family income resources, and faith and belief in the accountability in the Hereafter can create collective order within family based on the subjective value of Islamic economic teaching. The collective order is influenced by "underlying" and "structural" factors and leads to discretion behavior. This paper is also innovative in terms of its profound look into the formation of economic behavior within the family.
